APPENDIX D ETI the North. As with their names of months, the Hobbits adhered to these translations, although elsewhere in the Westron area the Quenya names were used. Not many ancient documents were preserved in the Shire. At the end of the Third Age far the most notable survival was Yellowskin, or the Yearbook of Tuckborough.! Its earliest entries seem to have begun at least nine hundred years before Frodo’s time; and many are cited in the Red Book annals and genealogies. In these the weekday names appear in archaic forms, of which the following are the oldest: (1) Sterrendei, (2) Sunnendei, (3) Monendei, (4) Trewesdet, (5) Hevenesdei, (6) Meresdei, (7) Hihdet. In the language of the time of the War of the Ring these had become Sterday, Sunday, Monday, Trewsday, Hevensday (or Hensday), Mersday, Highday. I have translated these names also into our own names, naturally beginning with Sunday and Monday, which occur in the Shire week with the same names as ours, and re-naming the others in order. It must be noted, however, that the associations of the names were quite different in the Shire. The last day of the week, Friday (Highday), was the chief day, and one of holiday (after noon) and evening feasts. Saturday thus corresponds more nearly to our Monday, and Thursday to our Saturday.’ A few other names may be mentioned that have a reference to time, though not used in precise reckonings. The seasons usually named were tuwilé spring, lairé summer, yavié autumn (or harvest), Arivé winter; but these had no exact definitions, and quellé (or lasselanta) was also used for the latter part of autumn and the beginning of winter. The Eldar paid special attention to the ‘twilight’ (in the northerly regions), chiefly as the times of star-fading and star-opening. They had many names for these periods, of which the most usual were tinddmé and undémé; the former most often referred to the time near dawn, and undédmé to the evening. The Sindarin name was uial, which could be defined as minuial and aduial. These were often called in the Shire morrowdim and evendim. Cf. Lake Evendim as a translation of Nenuial. The Shire Reckoning and dates are the only ones of importance for the narrative of the War of the Ring. All the days, months, and dates are in the Red Book translated into Shire terms, or equated with them in notes. The months and days, therefore, throughout The Lord of the Rings refer to the Shire Calendar. The only points in which the differences between this and our calendar are important to the story at the crucial period, the end of 3018 and the beginning of 3019 (S.R. 1418, 1419), are these: October 1418 has only 30 days, January 1 is the second day of 1419, and February has 30 days; so that March 25, the date of the downfall of the Barad-dar, would correspond to our March 27, if our years began at the same seasonal point. The date was, however, March 25 in both Kings’ and Stewards’ Reckoning. Recording births, marriages, and deaths in the Took families, as well as matters, such as land-sales, and various Shire events. ? T have therefore in Bilbo’s song (pp. 158-60) used Saturday and Sunday instead of Thursday and Friday.
附錄D 北方地區。 就像他們月份的名稱一樣，哈比人沿用了這些譯名，儘管在西方語地區的其他地方，使用的是昆雅語的名稱。夏爾地區保存下來的古老文獻並不多。在第三紀元末期，最值得注意的倖存文獻是《黃皮書》，又稱《塔克堡年鑑》。其最早的記載似乎始於佛羅多時代之前至少九百年；其中許多內容被《紅皮書》的編年史和家譜所引用。在這些文獻中，平日的名稱以古老形式出現，其中最古老的是：(1) Sterrendei, (2) Sunnendei, (3) Monendei, (4) Trewesdet, (5) Hevenesdei, (6) Meresdei, (7) Hihdet。在魔戒聖戰時期的語言中，這些名稱已演變為Sterday、Sunday、Monday、Trewsday、Hevensday（或Hensday）、Mersday、Highday。我也將這些名稱翻譯成我們自己的名稱，自然是從星期日和星期一開始，因為它們在夏爾的週曆中與我們的名稱相同，然後依序重新命名其他日子。然而，必須指出的是，這些名稱在夏爾的聯想意義與我們大不相同。一週的最後一天，星期五（Highday），是主要的節日，也是一個有半天假期（下午）和晚宴的日子。因此，星期六更接近我們的星期一，而星期四則接近我們的星期六。還有一些其他名稱可能值得一提，它們與時間有關，儘管不常用於精確的計算。通常被提及的季節名稱是tuwilé春、lairé夏、yavié秋（或收穫季）、Arivé冬；但這些都沒有精確的定義，而quellé（或lasselanta）也用於秋季的後半段和冬季的開始。精靈（Eldar）特別關注「暮光」（在北方地區），主要將其視為星辰隱沒和星辰初現的時刻。他們對這些時段有許多名稱，其中最常用的是tinddmé和undémé；前者最常指黎明時分，後者則指傍晚。辛達林語的名稱是uial，可以定義為minuial和aduial。在夏爾，這些常被稱為morrowdim和evendim。參見：伊凡丁湖（Lake Evendim）作為Nenuial的譯名。夏爾紀年法和日期是魔戒聖戰敘事中唯一重要的。《紅皮書》中所有的日子、月份和日期都被翻譯成夏爾的術語，或在註釋中與之等同。因此，在《魔戒》全書中，月份和日期都指的是夏爾曆。這種曆法與我們曆法之間的差異，在關鍵時期，即3018年末和3019年初（夏爾紀年1418年、1419年）對故事而言重要的唯一幾點是：1418年十月只有30天，1月1日是1419年的第二天，而二月有30天；因此，巴拉督爾陷落的日期3月25日，如果我們的年份從相同的季節點開始計算，將會對應到我們的3月27日。然而，在國王紀年法和攝政王紀年法中，這個日期都是3月25日。記錄了圖克家族的出生、婚姻和死亡，以及土地買賣和夏爾的各種事件。因此，我在比爾博的歌（第158-160頁）中使用了星期六和星期日，而不是星期四和星期五。
IITI2 THE LORD OF THE RINGS The New Reckoning was begun in the restored Kingdom in T.A. 3019. It represented a return to Kings’ Reckoning adapted to fit a spring-beginning as in the Eldarin Joa.’ In the New Reckoning the year began on March 25 old style, in commemoration of the fall of Sauron and the deeds of the Ring-bearers. The months retained their former names, beginning now with Viressé (April), but referred to periods beginning generally five days earlier than previously. All the months had 30 days. There were 3 Enderi or Middle-days (of which the second was called Loéndé), between Yavannié (September) and Narquelié (October), that corresponded with September 23, 24, 25 old style. But in honour of Frodo Yavannié 30, which corresponded with former September 22, his birthday, was made a festival, and the leap-year was provided for by doubling this feast, called Cormaré or Ringday. The Fourth Age was held to have begun with the departure of Master Elrond, which took place in September 3021; but for purposes of record in the Kingdom Fourth Age I was the year that began according to the New Reckoning in March 25, 3021, old style. This reckoning was in the course of the reign of King Elessar adopted in all his lands except the Shire, where the old calendar was retained and Shire Reckoning was continued. Fourth Age 1 was thus called 1422; and in so far as the Hobbits took any account of the change of Age, they maintained that it began with 2 Yule 1422, and not in the previous March. There is no record of the Shire-folk commemorating either March 25 or September 22; but in the Westfarthing, especially in the country round Hobbiton Hill, there grew up a custom of making holiday and dancing in the Party Field, when weather permitted, on April 6. Some said that it was old Sam Gardner’s birthday, some that it was the day on which the Golden Tree first flowered in 1420, and some that it was the Elves’ New Year. In the Buckland the Horn of the Mark was blown at sundown every November 2 and bonfires and feastings followed.” ' Though actually the yestaré of New Reckoning occurred earlier than in the Calendar of Imladris, in which it corresponded more or less with Shire April 6. ? Anniversary of its first blowing in the Shire in 3019.
IITI2 《魔戒》新紀元始於重建後的王國，在第三紀元3019年。它代表著回歸到國王紀元，並調整以適應精靈紀元中以春季為始的傳統。在新紀元中，年份始於舊曆3月25日，以紀念索倫的殞落和持戒者的功績。月份保留了原來的名稱，現在以維瑞瑟（四月）為始，但所指的時期通常比以前提前了五天。所有月份都有30天。在亞凡涅（九月）和納奎利耶（十月）之間有3個恩德里或稱中間日（其中第二天稱為羅恩德），對應舊曆的9月23、24、25日。但為了紀念佛羅多，亞凡涅30日，即舊曆9月22日，他的生日，被定為節日，並透過將這個稱為科瑪瑞或戒日日的節日加倍來提供閏年。第四紀元被認為始於愛隆大師的離開，這發生在3021年9月；但為了王國的記錄目的，第四紀元1年是根據新紀元，於舊曆3021年3月25日開始的年份。這個紀元在伊萊薩王統治期間，除了夏爾之外，在他所有的領地都被採用，夏爾保留了舊曆並繼續使用夏爾紀元。因此，第四紀元1年被稱為1422年；就哈比人對紀元變化的任何記載而言，他們堅持認為它始於1422年尤爾節的第二天，而不是前一年的三月。沒有記錄顯示夏爾人紀念3月25日或9月22日；但在西區，特別是哈比屯山周圍的鄉村，形成了一種習俗，即在天氣允許的情況下，於4月6日在派對田野舉行假日和跳舞。有人說那是老山姆·加德納的生日，有人說那是金樹在1420年第一次開花的日期，還有人說那是精靈的新年。在雄鹿地，每年11月2日日落時分會吹響號角，隨後是篝火和宴會。