APPENDIX D IIOQ ing and was adopted eventually by most of the users of the Westron language, except the Hobbits. The months were all of 30 days, and 2 days outside the months were introduced: 1 between the third and fourth months (March, April), and 1 between the ninth and tenth (September, October). These 5 days outside the months, yestaré, tuiléré, loéndé, yaviéré, and mettaré, were holidays. The Hobbits were conservative and continued to use a form of Kings’ Reckoning adapted to fit their own customs. Their months were all equal and had 30 days each; but they had 3 Summerdays, called in the Shire the Lithe or the Lithedays, between June and July. The last day of the year and the first of the next year were called the Yuledays. The Yuledays and the Lithedays remained outside the months, so that January I was the second and not the first day of the year. Every fourth year, except in the last year of the century,! there were four Lithedays. The Lithedays and the Yuledays were the chief holidays and times of feasting. The additional Litheday was added after Mid-year’s Day, and so the 184th day of the Leap-years was called Overlithe and was a day of special merrymaking. In full Yuletide was six days long, including the last three and first three days of each year. The Shire-folk introduced one small innovation of their own (eventually also adopted in Bree), which they called Shire-reform. They found the shifting of the weekday names in relation to dates from year to year untidy and inconvenient. So in the time of Isengrim II they arranged that the odd day which put the succession out, should have no weekday name. After that Mid-year’s Day (and the Overlithe) was known only by its name and belonged to no week (p. 169). In consequence of this reform the year always began on the First Day of the week and ended on the Last Day; and the same date in any one year had the same weekday name in all other years, so that Shire-folk no longer bothered to put the weekday in their letters or diaries. They found this quite convenient at home, but not so convenient if they ever travelled further than Bree. In the above notes, as in the narrative, I have used our modern names for both months and weekdays, though of course neither the Eldar nor the Dunedain nor the Hobbits actually did so. Translation of the Westron names seemed to be essential to avoid confusion, while the seasonal implications of our names are more or less the same, at any rate in the Shire. It appears, however, that Mid-year’s Day was intended to correspond as nearly as possible to the summer solstice. In that case the Shire dates were actually in advance of ours by some ten days, and our New Year’s Day corresponded more or less to the Shire January 9. ' In the Shire, in which Year 1 corresponded with T.A. 1601. In Bree in which Year 1 corresponded with T.A. 1300 it was the first year of the century. ? It will be noted if one glances at a Shire Calendar, that the only weekday on which no month began was Friday. It thus became a jesting idiom in the Shire to speak of ‘on Friday the first? when referring to a day that did not exist, or to a day on which very unlikely events such as the flying of pigs or (in the Shire) the walking of trees might occur. In full the expression was ‘on Friday the first of Summerfilth’.
附錄D IIOQing並最終被大多數使用西方語的人所採納，除了哈比人。所有月份均為30天，並引入了兩個月外日：一個在第三和第四個月之間（三月、四月），另一個在第九和第十個月之間（九月、十月）。這五個月份之外的日子，yestaré、tuiléré、loéndé、yaviéré和mettaré，都是假日。哈比人較為保守，繼續使用一種根據他們自身習俗調整過的「王者紀年法」。他們的月份都相等，各有30天；但在六月和七月之間，他們有三個「夏日」，在夏爾被稱為「仲夏節」或「仲夏日」。一年的最後一天和下一年的第一天被稱為「冬至日」。冬至日和仲夏日都落在月份之外，因此一月一日實際上是該年的第二天，而非第一天。每四年，除了世紀的最後一年外，會有四個仲夏日。仲夏日和冬至日是主要的節日和宴飲時光。額外的仲夏日是在「年中日」之後增加的，因此閏年的第184天被稱為「超仲夏日」，是一個特別歡慶的日子。完整的「冬至節期」長達六天，包括每年的最後三天和最初三天。夏爾人引入了一項他們自己的小創新（最終也在布理被採納），他們稱之為「夏爾改革」。他們發現每年的日期與星期名稱的變動既不整潔又不方便。因此在伊森格林二世時期，他們安排那個打亂順序的「奇數日」不設星期名稱。此後，「年中日」（以及「超仲夏日」）只以其名稱為人所知，不屬於任何一週（第169頁）。由於這項改革，一年總是從一週的「第一天」開始，並在「最後一天」結束；任何一年的相同日期在所有其他年份中都具有相同的星期名稱，因此夏爾人不再費心在信件或日記中寫上星期。他們發現在家鄉這很方便，但如果他們旅行到布理以外的地方就不那麼方便了。在上述註釋中，如同在敘述中一樣，我使用了我們現代的月份和星期名稱，儘管精靈、登丹人或哈比人當然都沒有這樣做。翻譯西方語名稱似乎是避免混淆的必要之舉，而我們名稱的季節性含義或多或少是相同的，至少在夏爾是如此。然而，年中日似乎旨在盡可能地與夏至對應。在這種情況下，夏爾的日期實際上比我們的日期提前了大約十天，而我們的新年與夏爾的一月九日大致對應。在夏爾，第一年對應的是第三紀元1601年。在布理，第一年對應的是第三紀元1300年，那是該世紀的第一年。如果有人看一眼夏爾曆，會注意到唯一沒有月份開始的星期是星期五。因此，在夏爾，當提到一個不存在的日子，或者一個極不可能發生事件的日子（例如豬會飛，或者在夏爾，樹會走路）時，說「在星期五的第一天？」就成了一種開玩笑的習語。完整的表達是「在夏爾污月的第一個星期五」。
IIIO THE LORD OF THE RINGS In the Westron the Quenya names of the months were usually retained as the Latin names are now widely used in alien languages. They were: Narvinyé, Nénimé, Suilimé, Viressé, Lotessé, Narié, Cermié, Urimé, Yavannié, Narquelié, Hisimé, Ringaré. The Sindarin names (used only by the Dunedain) were: Narwain, Ninui, Gwaeron, Gwirith, Lothron, Norui, Cerveth, Urui, Ivanneth, Narbeleth, Hithui, Girithron. In this nomenclature the Hobbits, however, both of the Shire and of Bree, diverged from the Westron usage, and adhered to old-fashioned local names of their own, which they seem to have picked up in antiquity from the Men of the vales of Anduin; at any rate similar names were found in Dale and Rohan (cf. the notes on the languages, pp. I130, 1135—6). The meanings of these names, devised by Men, had as a rule long been forgotten by the Hobbits, even in cases where they had originally known what their significance was; and the forms of the names were much obscured in consequence: math, for instance, at the end of some of them is a reduction of month. The Shire names are set out in the Calendar. It may be noted that Solmath was usually pronounced, and sometimes written, Somath; Thrimidge was often written Thrimich (archaically Thrimilch); and Blotmath was pronounced Blodmath or Blommath. In Bree the names differed, being Frery, Solmath, Rethe, Chithing, Thrimidge, Lithe, The Summerdays, Mede, Wedmath, Harvestmath, Wintring, Blooting, and Yulemath. Frery, Chithing and Yulemath were also used in the Eastfarthing.' The Hobbit week was taken from the Dunedain, and the names were translations of those given to the days in the old North-kingdom, which in their turn were derived from the Eldar. The six-day week of the Eldar had days dedicated to, or named after, the Stars, the Sun, the Moon, the Two Trees, the Heavens, and the Valar or Powers, in that order, the last day being the chief day of the week. Their names in Quenya were Elenya, Anarya, Isilya, Aldiuya, Menelya, Valanya (or Tarion); the Sindarin names were Orgilion, Oranor, Orithil, Orgaladhad, Ormenel, Orbelain (or Rodyn). The Numenoreans retained the dedications and order, but altered the fourth day to Aldéa (Orgaladh) with reference to the White Tree only, of which Nimloth that grew in the King’s Court in Numenor was believed to be a descendant. Also desiring a seventh day, and being great mariners, they inserted a ‘Sea-day’, Edrenya (Oraearon), after the Heavens’ Day. The Hobbits took over this arrangement, but the meanings of their translated names were soon forgotten, or no longer attended to, and the forms were much reduced, especially in everyday pronunciation. The first translation of the Numenorean names was probably made two thousand years or more before the end of the Third Age, when the week of the Dunedain (the feature of their reckoning earliest adopted by alien peoples) was taken up by Men in ' Tt was a jest in Bree to speak of ‘Winterfilth in the (muddy) Shire’, but according to the Shire-folk Wintring was a Bree alteration of the older name, which had originally referred to the filling or completion of the year before Winter, and descended from times before the full adoption of Kings’ Reckoning when their new year began after harvest.
《魔戒》在通用語中，昆雅語的月份名稱通常被保留下來，就像拉丁語名稱現在廣泛用於外來語言一樣。它們是：Narvinyé, Nénimé, Suilimé, Viressé, Lotessé, Narié, Cermié, Urimé, Yavannié, Narquelié, Hisimé, Ringaré。辛達林語名稱（僅由登丹人使用）是：Narwain, Ninui, Gwaeron, Gwirith, Lothron, Norui, Cerveth, Urui, Ivanneth, Narbeleth, Hithui, Girithron。然而，在這種命名法中，夏爾和布理的哈比人卻偏離了通用語的習慣，並堅持使用他們自己的老式地方名稱，這些名稱似乎是在遠古時代從安都因河谷的人類那裡學來的；無論如何，在戴爾和羅翰也發現了類似的名稱（參見語言筆記，第1130、1135—6頁）。這些由人類設計的名稱的含義，通常早已被哈比人遺忘，即使在他們最初知道其意義的情況下也是如此；因此，名稱的形式也因此變得模糊不清：例如，其中一些名稱結尾的「math」是「month」的縮寫。夏爾的名稱列在日曆中。值得注意的是，Solmath 通常發音為 Somath，有時也寫作 Somath；Thrimidge 經常寫作 Thrimich（古語中為 Thrimilch）；而 Blotmath 則發音為 Blodmath 或 Blommath。在布理，名稱有所不同，它們是：Frery, Solmath, Rethe, Chithing, Thrimidge, Lithe, The Summerdays, Mede, Wedmath, Harvestmath, Wintring, Blooting, 和 Yulemath。Frery, Chithing 和 Yulemath 也用於東區。哈比人的星期制沿襲自登丹人，其名稱是舊北方王國日名的翻譯，而這些名稱又源自精靈。精靈的六天制，其日期依次獻給或以星辰、太陽、月亮、雙樹、天堂以及維拉或眾神命名，最後一天是該週的主日。它們在昆雅語中的名稱是 Elenya, Anarya, Isilya, Aldiuya, Menelya, Valanya (或 Tarion)；辛達林語名稱是 Orgilion, Oranor, Orithil, Orgaladhad, Ormenel, Orbelain (或 Rodyn)。努曼諾爾人保留了獻祭對象和順序，但將第四天改為 Aldéa (Orgaladh)，僅指白樹，努曼諾爾王庭中生長的寧羅絲被認為是其後裔。由於他們渴望有第七天，並且是偉大的航海家，他們在「天堂日」之後插入了一個「海洋日」，Edrenya (Oraearon)。哈比人沿用了這種安排，但他們翻譯後的名稱含義很快就被遺忘，或不再被注意，形式也大幅簡化，尤其是在日常發音中。努曼諾爾名稱的首次翻譯可能是在第三紀元結束前兩千年或更早的時候進行的，當時登丹人的星期制（他們曆法中最早被外族採用的特點）被人類採納。在布理，人們開玩笑地說「夏爾的泥濘冬穢」，但根據夏爾人的說法，Wintring 是布理對舊名稱的改動，舊名稱最初指的是冬季來臨前一年的圓滿或結束，並源自國王曆法完全採用之前的時代，當時他們的新年是在收穫之後開始的。