Appendix E

APPENDIX E II21I pronunciation, and to approach or to merge with those of Grade 6 (as described above), many of the latter ceased to have a clear function in the Eldarin languages; and it was from these letters that the letters expressing vowels were largely derived. NOTE The standard spelling of Quenya diverged from the applications of the letters above described. Grade 2 was used for nd, mb, ng, ngw, all of which were frequent, since 6, g, gw only appeared in these combinations, while for rd, Id the special letters 26, 28 were used. (For Jv, not for /w, many speakers, especially Elves, used /b: this was written with 27+6, since mb could not occur.) Similarly, Grade 4 was used for the extremely frequent combinations nt, mp, nk, nqu, since Quenya did not possess dh, gh, ghw, and for v used letter 22. See the Quenya letter-names pp. 1122-3. The additional letters. No. 27 was universally used for /. No. 25 (in origin a modification of 21) was used for ‘full’ trilled r. Nos. 26, 28 were modifications of these. They were frequently used for voiceless r (rh) and / (/h) respectively. But in Quenya they were used for rd and /d. 29 represented s, and 31 (with doubled curl) z in those languages that required it. The inverted forms, 30 and 32, though available for use as separate signs, were mostly used as mere variants of 29 and 31, according to the convenience of writing, e.g. they were much used when accompanied by superimposed tehtar. No. 33 was in origin a variation representing some (weaker) variety of 11; its most frequent use in the Third Age was h. 34 was mostly used (if at all) for voiceless w (hw). 35 and 36 were, when used as consonants, mostly applied to y and w respectively. The vowels were in many modes represented by tehtar, usually set above a consonantal letter. In languages such as Quenya, in which most words ended in a vowel, the tehta was placed above the preceding consonant; in those such as Sindarin, in which most words ended in a consonant, it was placed above the following consonant. When there was no consonant present in the required position, the tehta was placed above the ‘short carrier’, of which a common form was like an undotted i. The actual tehtar used in different languages for vowel-signs were numerous. The commonest, usually applied to (varieties of) e, 1, a, 0, u, are exhibited in the examples given. The three dots, most usual in formal writing for a, were variously written in quicker styles, a form like a circumflex being often employed.’ The single dot and the ‘acute accent’ were frequently used for 7 and e (but in some modes for e and 2). The curls were used for o and uw. In the Ring-inscription the curl open to the right is used for u; but on the title-page this stands for 0, and the curl open to the left for u. The curl to the right was favoured, and the ' In Quenya in which a was very frequent, its vowel sign was often omitted altogether. Thus for calma ‘lamp’ clm could be written. This would naturally read as calma, since cl was not in Quenya a possible initial combination, and m never occurred finally. A possible reading was calama, but no such word existed.

II22 THE LORD OF THE RINGS application depended on the language concerned: in the Black Speech o was rare. Long vowels were usually represented by placing the tehta on the ‘long carrier’, of which a common form was like an undotted j. But for the same purpose the tehtar could be doubled. This was, however, only frequently done with the curls, and sometimes with the ‘accent’. Two dots was more often used as a sign for following y. The West-gate inscription illustrates a mode of ‘full writing’ with the vowels represented by separate letters. All the vocalic letters used in Sindarin are shown. The use of No. 30 as a sign for vocalic y may be noted; also the expression of diphthongs by placing the tehta for following y above the vowel-letter. The sign for following w (required for the expression of au, aw) was in this mode the w-curl or a modification of it ~. But the diphthongs were often written out in full, as in the transcription. In this mode length of vowel was usually indicated by the ‘acute accent’, called in that case andaith ‘long mark’. There were beside the tehtar already mentioned a number of others, chiefly used to abbreviate the writing, especially by expressing frequent consonant combinations without writing them out in full. Among these, a bar (or a sign like a Spanish wide) placed above a consonant was often used to indicate that it was preceded by the nasal of the same series (as in nt, mp, or nk); a similar sign placed below was, however, mainly used to show that the consonant was long or doubled. A downward hook attached to the bow (as in hobbits, the last word on the title-page) was used to indicate a following s, especially in the combinations ts, ps, ks (x), that were favoured in Quenya. There was of course no ‘mode’ for the representation of English. One adequate phonetically could be devised from the Féanorian system. The brief example on the title-page does not attempt to exhibit this. It is rather an example of what a man of Gondor might have produced, hesitating between the values of the letters familiar in his ‘mode’ and the traditional spelling of English. It may be noted that a dot below (one of the uses of which was to represent weak obscured vowels) is here employed in the representation of unstressed and, but is also used in here for silent final e; the, of, and of the are expressed by abbreviations (extended dh, extended v, and the latter with an under-stroke). The names of the letters. In all modes each letter and sign had a name; but these names were devised to fit or describe the phonetic uses in each particular mode. It was, however, often felt desirable, especially in describing the uses of the letters in other modes, to have a name for each letter in itself as a shape. For this purpose the Quenya ‘full names’ were commonly employed, even where they referred to uses peculiar to Quenya. Each ‘full name’ was an actual word in Quenya that contained the letter in question. Where possible it was the first sound of the word; but where the sound or the combination expressed did not occur initially it followed immediately after an initial vowel. The names of the letters in the table were (1) tinco metal, parma book, calma lamp, quesse feather; (2) ando gate, umbar fate, anga iron, ungwe spider’s web;

APPENDIX E II23 (3) thule (sulle) spirit, formen north, harma treasure (or aha rage), hwesta breeze; (4) anto mouth, ampa hook, anca jaws, unque a hollow; (5) numen west, malta gold, noldo (older ngoldo) one of the kindred of the Noldor, nwalme (older ngwalme) torment; (6) ore heart (inner mind), vala angelic power, anna gift, vilya air, sky (older wilya); romen east, arda region, lambe tongue, alda tree; silme starlight, silme nuquerna (s reversed), dre sunlight (or esse name), are nuquerna; hyarmen south, hwesta sindarinwa, yanta bridge, wre heat. Where there are variants this is due to the names being given before certain changes affected Quenya as spoken by the Exiles. Thus No. II was called harma when it represented the spirant ch in all positions, but when this sound became breath h initially’ (though remaining medially) the name aha was devised. dre was originally daze, but when this z became merged with 21, the sign was in Quenya used for the very frequent ss of that language, and the name esse was given to it. hwesta sindarinwa or “Grey-elven hw’ was so called because in Quenya I2 had the sound of hw, and distinct signs for chw and hw were not required. The names of the letters most widely known and used were 17 7, 33 hy, 25 r, 10 f: numen, hyarmen, romen, formen=west, south, east, north (cf. Sindarin din or anniin, harad, rhiin or amriin, forod). These letters commonly indicated the points W, S, E, N even in languages that used quite different terms. They were, in the West-lands, named in this order, beginning with and facing west; hyarmen and formen indeed meant left-hand region and right-hand region (the opposite to the arrangement in many Mannish languages). (ii) THE CIRTH The Certhas Daeron was originally devised to represent the sounds of Sindarin only. The oldest cirth were Nos. I, 2, 5, 63 8, 9, I23 18, 19, 223 29, 313 355 36; 39, 42, 46, 50; and a certh varying between 13 and 15. The assignment of values was unsystematic. Nos. 39, 42, 46, 50 were vowels and remained so in all later developments. Nos. 13, 15 were used for / or s, according as 35 was used for s or h. This tendency to hesitate in the assignment of values for s and A continued in later arrangements. In those characters that consisted of a ‘stem’ and a ‘branch’, 1-31, the attachment of the branch was, if on one side only, usually made on the right side. The reverse was not infrequent, but had no phonetic significance. The extension and elaboration of this certhas was called in its older form the Angerthas Daeron, since the additions to the old cirth and their reorganization was attributed to Daeron. The principal additions, however, the introductions of two new series, 13-17, and 23-28, were actually most probably ' For breath h Quenya originally used a simple raised stem without bow, called halla ‘tall’. This could be placed before a consonant to indicate that it was unvoiced and breathed; voiceless r and / were usually so expressed and are transcribed hr, hi. Later 33 was used for independent h, and the value of hy (its older value) was represented by adding the tehra for following y.

APPENDIX E II25 THE ANGERTHAS Values

1126 THE LORD OF THE RINGS inventions of the Noldor of Eregion, since they were used for the representation of sounds not found in Sindarin. In the rearrangement of the Angerthas the following principles are observable (evidently inspired by the Féanorian system): (1) adding a stroke to a branch added ‘voice’; (2) reversing the certh indicated opening to a ‘spirant’; (3) placing the branch on both sides of the stem added voice and nasality. These principles were regularly carried out, except in one point. For (archaic) Sindarin a sign for a spirant m (or nasal v) was required, and since this could best be provided by a reversal of the sign for m, the reversible No. 6 was given the value m, but No. 5 was given the value hw. No. 36, the theoretic value of which was z, was used, in spelling Sindarin or Quenya, for ss: cf. Féanorian 31. No. 39 was used for either 7 or y (consonant); 34, 35 were used indifferently for s; and 38 was used for the frequent sequence nd, though it was not clearly related in shape to the dentals. In the Table of Values those on the left are, when separated by ——, the values of the older Angerthas. Those on the right are the values of the Dwarvish Angerthas Moria.' The Dwarves of Moria, as can be seen, introduced a number of unsystematic changes in value, as well as certain new cirth: 37, 40, 41, 53, 55, 56. The dislocation in values was due mainly to two causes: (1) the alteration in the values of 34, 35, 54 respectively to hf, ’ (the clear or glottal beginning of a word with an initial vowel that appeared in Khuzdul), and s; (2) the abandonment of the Nos. 14, 16 for which the Dwarves substituted 29, 30. The consequent use of 12 for r, the invention of 53 for n (and its confusion with 22); the use of I7 as z, to go with §4 in its value s, and the consequent use of 36 as g and the new certh 37 for ng may also be observed. The new 55, 56 were in origin a halved form of 46, and were used for vowels like those heard in English butter, which were frequent in Dwarvish and in the Westron. When weak or evanescent they were often reduced to a mere stroke without a stem. This Angerthas Moria is represented in the tomb-inscription. The Dwarves of Erebor used a further modification of this system, known as the mode of Erebor, and exemplified in the Book of Mazarbul. Its chief characteristics were: the use of 43 as 2; of 17 as ks (x); and the invention of two new cirth, §7, 58 for ps and ts. They also reintroduced 14, 16 for the values j, zh; but used 29, 30 for g, gh, or as mere variants of 19, 21. These peculiarities are not included in the table, except for the special Ereborian cirth, 57, 58. ' Those in () are values only found in Elvish use; * marks cith only used by Dwarves.

APPENDIX F I THE LANGUAGES AND PEOPLES OF THE THIRD AGE The language represented in this history by English was the Westron or ‘Common Speech’ of the West-lands of Middle-earth in the Third Age. In the course of that age it had become the native language of nearly all the speaking-peoples (save the Elves) who dwelt within the bounds of the old kingdoms of Arnor and Gondor; that is along all the coasts from Umbar northward to the Bay of Forochel, and inland as far as the Misty Mountains and the Ephel Duath. It had also spread north up the Anduin, occupying the lands west of the River and east of the mountains as far as the Gladden Fields. At the time of the War of the Ring at the end of the age these were still its bounds as a native tongue, though large parts of Eriador were now deserted, and few Men dwelt on the shores of the Anduin between the Gladden and Rauros. A few of the ancient Wild Men still lurked in the Druadan Forest in Anorien; and in the hills of Dunland a remnant lingered of an old people, the former inhabitants of much of Gondor. These clung to their own languages; while in the plains of Rohan there dwelt now a Northern people, the Rohirrim, who had come into that land some five hundred years earlier. But the Westron was used as a second language of intercourse by all those who still retained a speech of their own, even by the Elves, not only in Arnor and Gondor but throughout the vales of Anduin, and eastward to the further eaves of Mirkwood. Even among the Wild Men and the Dunlendings who shunned other folk there were some that could speak it, though brokenly. OF THE ELVES The Elves far back in the Elder Days became divided into two main branches: the West-elves (the Eldar) and the East-elves. Of the latter kind were most of the Elven-folk of Mirkwood and Lorien; but their languages do not appear in this history, in which all the Elvish names and words are of Eldarin form.' Of the Eldarin tongues two are found in this book: the High-elven or Quenya, and the Grey-elven or Sindarin. The High-elven was an ancient ' In Lérien at this period Sindarin was spoken, though with an ‘accent’, since most of its folk were of Silvan origin. This ‘accent’ and his own limited acquaintance with Sindarin misled Frodo (as is pointed out in The Thain’s Book by a commentator of Gondor). All the Elvish words cited in Book Two chs 6, 7, 8 are in fact Sindarin, and so are most of the names of places and persons. But Lorien, Caras Galadhon, Amroth, Nimrodel are probably of Silvan origin, adapted to Sindarin.

1128 THE LORD OF THE RINGS tongue of Eldamar beyond the Sea, the first to be recorded in writing. It was no longer a birth-tongue, but had become, as it were, an ‘Elven-latin’, still used for ceremony, and for high matters of lore and song, by the High Elves, who had returned in exile to Middle-earth at the end of the First Age. The Grey-elven was in origin akin to Quenya; for it was the language of those Eldar who, coming to the shores of Middle-earth, had not passed over the Sea but had lingered on the coasts in the country of Beleriand. There Thingol Greycloak of Doriath was their king, and in the long twilight their tongue had changed with the changefulness of mortal lands and had become far estranged from the speech of the Eldar from beyond the Sea. The Exiles, dwelling among the more numerous Grey-elves, had adopted the Sindarin for daily use; and hence it was the tongue of all those Elves and Elf-lords that appear in this history. For these were all of Eldarin race, even where the folk that they ruled were of the lesser kindreds. Noblest of all was the Lady Galadriel of the royal house of Finarfin and sister of Finrod Felagund, King of Nargothrond. In the hearts of the Exiles the yearning for the Sea was an unquiet never to be stilled; in the hearts of the Grey-elves it slumbered, but once awakened it could not be appeased. OF MEN The Westron was a Mannish speech, though enriched and softened under Elvish influence. It was in origin the language of those whom the Eldar called the Atani or Edain, ‘Fathers of Men’, being especially the people of the Three Houses of the Elf-friends who came west into Beleriand in the First Age, and aided the Eldar in the War of the Great Jewels against the Dark Power of the North. After the overthrow of the Dark Power, in which Beleriand was for the most part drowned or broken, it was granted as a reward to the Elf-friends that they also, as the Eldar, might pass west over Sea. But since the Undying Realm was forbidden to them, a great isle was set apart for them, most westerly of all mortal lands. The name of that isle was Numenor (Westernesse). Most of the Elf-friends, therefore, departed and dwelt in Numenor, and there they became great and powerful, mariners of renown and lords of many ships. They were fair of face and tall, and the span of their lives was thrice that of the Men of Middle-earth. These were the Numenoreans, the Kings of Men, whom the Elves called the Dimedain. The Diunedain alone of all races of Men knew and spoke an Elvish tongue; for their forefathers had learned the Sindarin tongue, and this they handed on to their children as a matter of lore, changing little with the passing of the years. And their men of wisdom learned also the High-elven Quenya and esteemed it above all other tongues, and in it they made names for many places of fame and reverence, and for many men of royalty and great renown.' ' Quenya, for example, are the names Niimenor (or in full Numendre), and Elendil, Isildur, and Anarion, and all the royal names of Gondor, including Elessar ‘Elfstone’. Most of the names of the other men and women of the Dunedain, such as Aragorn, Denethor, Gilraen are of Sindarin form, being often the names of Elves or Men remembered in the songs and histories of the First Age (as Beren, Hurin). Some few are of mixed forms, as Boromir.

APPENDIX F II29 But the native speech of the Numenoreans remained for the most part their ancestral Mannish tongue, the Adunaic, and to this in the latter days of their pride their kings and lords returned, abandoning the Elven-speech, save only those few that held still to their ancient friendship with the Eldar. In the years of their power the Numenoreans had maintained many forts and havens upon the western coasts of Middle-earth for the help of their ships; and one of the chief of these was at Pelargir near the Mouths of Anduin. There Adtnaic was spoken, and mingled with many words of the languages of lesser men it became a Common Speech that spread thence along the coasts among all that had dealings with Westernesse. After the Downfall of Numenor, Elendil led the survivors of the Elf-friends back to the North-western shores of Middle-earth. There many already dwelt who were in whole or part of Numendorean blood; but few of them remembered the Elvish speech. All told the Dunedain were thus from the beginning far fewer in number than the lesser men among whom they dwelt and whom they ruled, being lords of long life and great power and wisdom. They used therefore the Common Speech in their dealing with other folk and in the government of their wide realms; but they enlarged the language and enriched it with many words drawn from elven-tongues. In the days of the Numenorean kings this ennobled Westron speech spread far and wide, even among their enemies; and it became used more and more by the Dunedain themselves, so that at the time of the War of the Ring the elven-tongue was known to only a small part of the peoples of Gondor, and spoken daily by fewer. These dwelt mostly in Minas Tirith and the townlands adjacent, and in the land of the tributary princes of Dol Amroth. Yet the names of nearly all places and persons in the realm of Gondor were of Elvish form and meaning. A few were of forgotten origin, and descended doubtless from the days before the ships of the Numenoreans sailed the Sea; among these were Umbar, Arnach and Erech; and the mountain-names Eilenach and Rimmon. Forlong was also a name of the same sort. Most of the Men of the northern regions of the West-lands were descended from the Edain of the First Age, or from their close kin. Their languages were, therefore, related to the Adtnaic, and some still preserved a likeness to the Common Speech. Of this kind were the peoples of the upper vales of Anduin: the Beornings, and the Woodmen of Western Mirkwood; and further north and east the Men of the Long Lake and of Dale. From the lands between the Gladden and the Carrock came the folk that were known in Gondor as the Rohirrim, Masters of Horses. They still spoke their ancestral tongue, and gave new names in it to nearly all the places in their new country; and they called themselves the Eorlings, or the Men of the Riddermark. But the lords of that people used the Common Speech freely, and spoke it nobly after the manner of their allies in Gondor; for in Gondor whence it came the Westron kept still a more gracious and antique style. Wholly alien was the speech of the Wild Men of Druadan Forest. Alien, too, or only remotely akin, was the language of the Dunlendings. These were a remnant of the peoples that had dwelt in the vales of the White Mountains in ages past. The Dead Men of Dunharrow were of their kin. But in the Dark Years others had removed to the southern dales of the Misty Mountains;

II30 THE LORD OF THE RINGS and thence some had passed into the empty lands as far north as the Barrowdowns. From them came the Men of Bree; but long before these had become subjects of the North Kingdom of Arnor and had taken up the Westron tongue. Only in Dunland did Men of this race hold to their old speech and manners: a secret folk, unfriendly to the Dunedain, hating the Rohirrim. Of their language nothing appears in this book, save the name Forgoil which they gave to the Rohirrim (meaning Strawheads, it is said). Dunland and Dunlending are the names that the Rohirrim gave to them, because they were swarthy and dark-haired; there is thus no connexion between the word dunn in these names and the Grey-elven word Din ‘west’. OF HOBBITS The Hobbits of the Shire and of Bree had at this time, for probably a thousand years, adopted the Common Speech. They used it in their own manner freely and carelessly; though the more learned among them had still at their command a more formal language when occasion required. There is no record of any language peculiar to Hobbits. In ancient days they seem always to have used the languages of Men near whom, or among whom, they lived. Thus they quickly adopted the Common Speech after they entered Eriador, and by the time of their settlement at Bree they had already begun to forget their former tongue. This was evidently a Mannish language of the upper Anduin, akin to that of the Rohirrim; though the southern Stoors appear to have adopted a language related to Dunlendish before they came north to the Shire.’ Of these things in the time of Frodo there were still some traces left in local words and names, many of which closely resembled those found in Dale or in Rohan. Most notable were the names of days, months, and seasons; several other words of the same sort (such as mathom and smial) were also still in common use, while more were preserved in the place-names of Bree and the Shire. The personal names of the Hobbits were also peculiar and many had come down from ancient days. Hobbit was the name usually applied by the Shire-folk to all their kind. Men called them Halflings and the Elves Periannath. The origin of the word hobbit was by most forgotten. It seems, however, to have been at first a name given to the Harfoots by the Fallohides and Stoors, and to be a worn-down form of a word preserved more fully in Rohan: holbytla ‘hole-builder’. OF OTHER RACES Ents. The most ancient people surviving in the Third Age were the Onodrim or Enyd. Ent was the form of their name in the language of Rohan. They were known to the Eldar in ancient days, and to the Eldar indeed the Ents ascribed not their own language but the desire for speech. The language that they had made was unlike all others: slow, sonorous, agglomerated, repetitive, indeed long-winded; formed of a multiplicity of vowel-shades and distinctions ' The Stoors of the Angle, who returned to Wilderland, had already adopted the Common Speech; but Déagol and Sméagol are names in the Mannish language of the region near the Gladden.

APPENDIX F II31 of tone and quality which even the lore-masters of the Eldar had not attempted to represent in writing. They used it only among themselves; but they had no need to keep it secret, for no others could learn it. Ents were, however, themselves skilled in tongues, learning them swiftly and never forgetting them. But they preferred the languages of the Eldar, and loved best the ancient High-elven tongue. The strange words and names that the Hobbits record as used by Treebeard and other Ents are thus Elvish, or fragments of Elf-speech strung together in Ent-fashion.’ Some are Quenya: as Taureliloméa-tumbalemorna Tumbaletauréa Loméanor, which may be rendered ‘Forestmanyshadowed-deepvalleyblack Deepvalleyforested Gloomyland’, and by which Treebeard meant, more or less: ‘there is a black shadow in the deep dales of the forest’. Some are Sindarin: as Fangorn ‘beard-(of)tree’, or Fimbrethil ‘slender-beech’. Orcs and the Black Speech. Orc is the form of the name that other races had for this foul people as it was in the language of Rohan. In Sindarin it was orch. Related, no doubt, was the word uruk of the Black Speech, though this was applied as a rule only to the great soldier-orcs that at this time issued from Mordor and Isengard. The lesser kinds were called, especially by the Uruk-hai, snaga ‘slave’. The Orcs were first bred by the Dark Power of the North in the Elder Days. It is said that they had no language of their own, but took what they could of other tongues and perverted it to their own liking; yet they made only brutal jargons, scarcely sufficient even for their own needs, unless it were for curses and abuse. And these creatures, being filled with malice, hating even their own kind, quickly developed as many barbarous dialects as there were groups or settlements of their race, so that their Orkish speech was of little use to them in intercourse between different tribes. So it was that in the Third Age Orcs used for communication between breed and breed the Westron tongue; and many indeed of the older tribes, such as those that still lingered in the North and in the Misty Mountains, had long used the Westron as their native language, though in such a fashion as to make it hardly less unlovely than Orkish. In this jargon tark, ‘man of Gondor’, was a debased form of tarkil, a Quenya word used in Westron for one of Numenorean descent; see p. 906. It is said that the Black Speech was devised by Sauron in the Dark Years, and that he had desired to make it the language of all those that served him, but he failed in that purpose. From the Black Speech, however, were derived many of the words that were in the Third Age wide-spread among the Orcs, such as ghdsh ‘fire’, but after the first overthrow of Sauron this language in its ancient form was forgotten by all but the Nazgal. When Sauron arose again, it became once more the language of Barad-dir and of the captains of Mordor. The inscription on the Ring was in the ancient Black Speech, ' Except where the Hobbits seem to have made some attempts to represent shorter murmurs and calls made by the Ents; a-lalla-lalla-rumba-kamanda-lindor-burume also is not Elvish, and is the only extant (probably very inaccurate) attempt to represent a fragment of actual Entish.

II32 THE LORD OF THE RINGS while the curse of the Mordor-orc on p. 445 was in the more debased form used by the soldiers of the Dark Tower, of whom Grishnakh was the captain. Sharki in that tongue means old man. Trolls. Troll has been used to translate the Sindarin Torog. In their beginning far back in the twilight of the Elder Days, these were creatures of dull and lumpish nature and had no more language than beasts. But Sauron had made use of them, teaching them what little they could learn and increasing their wits with wickedness. Trolls therefore took such language as they could master from the Orcs; and in the Westlands the Stone-trolls spoke a debased form of the Common Speech. But at the end of the Third Age a troll-race not before seen appeared in southern Mirkwood and in the mountain borders of Mordor. Olog-hai they were called in the Black Speech. That Sauron bred them none doubted, though from what stock was not known. Some held that they were not Trolls but giant Orcs; but the Olog-hai were in fashion of body and mind quite unlike even the largest of Orc-kind, whom they far surpassed in size and power. Trolls they were, but filled with the evil will of their master: a fell race, strong, agile, fierce and cunning, but harder than stone. Unlike the older race of the Twilight they could endure the Sun, so long as the will of Sauron held sway over them. They spoke little, and the only tongue that they knew was the Black Speech of Barad-dtr. Dwarves. The Dwarves are a race apart. Of their strange beginning, and why they are both like and unlike Elves and Men, the Silmarillion tells; but of this tale the lesser Elves of Middle-earth had no knowledge, while the tales of later Men are confused with memories of other races. They are a tough, thrawn race for the most part, secretive, laborious, retentive of the memory of injuries (and of benefits), lovers of stone, of gems, of things that take shape under the hands of the craftsman rather than things that live by their own life. But they are not evil by nature, and few ever served the Enemy of free will, whatever the tales of Men may have alleged. For Men of old lusted after their wealth and the work of their hands, and there has been enmity between the races. But in the Third Age close friendship still was found in many places between Men and Dwarves; and it was according to the nature of the Dwarves that, travelling and labouring and trading about the lands, as they did after the destruction of their ancient mansions, they should use the languages of Men among whom they dwelt. Yet in secret (a secret which unlike the Elves, they did not willingly unlock, even to their friends) they used their own strange tongue, changed little by the years; for it had become a tongue of lore rather than a cradle-speech, and they tended it and guarded it as a treasure of the past. Few of other race have succeeded in learning it. In this history it appears only in such place-names as Gimli revealed to his companions; and in the battle-cry which he uttered in the siege of the Hornburg. That at least was not secret, and had been heard on many a field since the world was young. Baruk Khazdd! Khazdd ai-ménu! ‘Axes of the Dwarves! The Dwarves are upon you!’

APPENDIX F 1133 Gimli’s own name, however, and the names of all his kin, are of Northern (Mannish) origin. Their own secret and ‘inner’ names, their true names, the Dwarves have never revealed to anyone of alien race. Not even on their tombs do they inscribe them. II ON TRANSLATION In presenting the matter of the Red Book, as a history for people of today to read, the whole of the linguistic setting has been translated as far as possible into terms of our own times. Only the languages alien to the Common Speech have been left in their original form; but these appear mainly in the names of persons and places. The Common Speech, as the language of the Hobbits and their narratives, has inevitably been turned into modern English. In the process the difference between the varieties observable in the use of the Westron has been lessened. Some attempt has been made to represent varieties by variations in the kind of English used; but the divergence between the pronunciation and idiom of the Shire and the Westron tongue in the mouths of the Elves or of the high men of Gondor was greater than has been shown in this book. Hobbits indeed spoke for the most part a rustic dialect, whereas in Gondor and Rohan a more antique language was used, more formal and more terse. One point in the divergence may here be noted, since, though important, it has proved impossible to represent. The Westron tongue made in the pronouns of the second person (and often also in those of the third) a distinction, independent of number, between ‘familiar’ and ‘deferential’ forms. It was, however, one of the peculiarities of Shire-usage that the deferential forms had gone out of colloquial use. They lingered only among the villagers, especially of the Westfarthing, who used them as endearments. This was one of the things referred to when people of Gondor spoke of the strangeness of Hobbit-speech. Peregrin Took, for instance, in his first few days in Minas Tirith used the familiar for people of all ranks, including the Lord Denethor himself. This may have amused the aged Steward, but it must have astonished his servants. No doubt this free use of the familiar forms helped to spread the popular rumour that Peregrin was a person of very high rank in his own country.’ It will be noticed that Hobbits such as Frodo, and other persons such as Gandalf and Aragorn, do not always use the same style. This is intentional. The more learned and able among the Hobbits had some knowledge of ‘book-language’, as it was termed in the Shire; and they were quick to note and adopt the style of those whom they met. It was in any case natural for much-travelled folk to speak more or less after the manner of those among ' In one or two places an attempt has been made to hint at these distinctions by an inconsistent use of thou. Since this pronoun is now unusual and archaic it is employed mainly to represent the use of ceremonious language; but a change from you to thou, thee is sometimes meant to show, there being no other means of doing this, a significant change from the deferential, or between men and women normal, forms to the familiar.

II34 THE LORD OF THE RINGS whom they found themselves, especially in the case of men who, like Aragorn, were often at pains to conceal their origin and their business. Yet in those days all the enemies of the Enemy revered what was ancient, in language no less than in other matters, and they took pleasure in it according to their knowledge. The Eldar, being above all skilled in words, had the command of many styles, though they spoke most naturally in a manner nearest to their own speech, one even more antique than that of Gondor. The Dwarves, too, spoke with skill, readily adapting themselves to their company, though their utterance seemed to some rather harsh and guttural. But Orcs and Trolls spoke as they would, without love of words or things; and their language was actually more degraded and filthy than I have shown it. I do not suppose that any will wish for a closer rendering, though models are easy to find. Much the same sort of talk can still be heard among the orc-minded; dreary and repetitive with hatred and contempt, too long removed from good to retain even verbal vigour, save in the ears of those to whom only the squalid sounds strong. Translation of this kind is, of course, usual because inevitable in any narrative dealing with the past. It seldom proceeds any further. But I have gone beyond it. I have also translated all Westron names according to their senses. When English names or titles appear in this book it is an indication that names in the Common Speech were current at the time, beside, or instead of, those in alien (usually Elvish) languages. The Westron names were as a rule translations of older names: as Rivendell, Hoarwell, Silverlode, Langstrand, The Enemy, the Dark Tower. Some differed in meaning: as Mount Doom for Orodruin ‘burning mountain’, or Mirkwood for Taur e-Ndaedelos ‘forest of the great fear’. A few were alterations of Elvish names: as Lune and Brandywine derived from Lhiin and Baranduin. This procedure perhaps needs some defence. It seemed to me that to present all the names in their original forms would obscure an essential feature of the times as perceived by the Hobbits (whose point of view I was mainly concerned to preserve): the contrast between a wide-spread language, to them as ordinary and habitual as English is to us, and the living remains of far older and more reverend tongues. All names if merely transcribed would seem to modern readers equally remote: for instance, if the Elvish name IJmladris and the Westron translation Karningul had both been left unchanged. But to refer to Rivendell as Imladris was as if one now was to speak of Winchester as Camelot, except that the identity was certain, while in Rivendell there still dwelt a lord of renown far older than Arthur would be, were he still king at Winchester today. The name of the Shire (Sziza) and all other places of the Hobbits have thus been Englished. This was seldom difficult, since such names were commonly made up of elements similar to those used in our simpler English place-names; either words still current like Ail or field; or a little worn down like ton beside town. But some were derived, as already noted, from old hobbit-words no longer in use, and these have been represented by similar English things, such as wich, or bottle ‘dwelling’, or michel ‘great’. In the case of persons, however, Hobbit-names in the Shire and in Bree

APPENDIX F 1135 were for those days peculiar, notably in the habit that had grown up, some centuries before this time, of having inherited names for families. Most of these surnames had obvious meanings (in the current language being derived from jesting nicknames, or from place-names, or — especially in Bree — from the names of plants and trees). Translation of these presented little difficulty; but there remained one or two older names of forgotten meaning, and these I have been content to anglicize in spelling: as Took for Tak, or Boffin for Bophin. I have treated Hobbit first-names, as far as possible, in the same way. To their maid-children Hobbits commonly gave the names of flowers or jewels. To their man-children they usually gave names that had no meaning at all in their daily language; and some of their women’s names were similar. Of this kind are Bilbo, Bungo, Polo, Lotho, Tanta, Nina, and so on. There are many inevitable but accidental resemblances to names we now have or know: for instance Otho, Odo, Drogo, Dora, Cora, and the like. These names I have retained, though I have usually anglicized them by altering their endings, since in Hobbit-names a was a masculine ending, and o and e were feminine. In some old families, especially those of Fallohide origin such as the Tooks and the Bolgers, it was, however, the custom to give high-sounding first-names. Since most of these seem to have been drawn from legends of the past, of Men as well as of Hobbits, and many while now meaningless to Hobbits closely resembled the names of Men in the Vale of Anduin, or in Dale, or in the Mark, I have turned them into those old names, largely of Frankish and Gothic origin, that are still used by us or are met in our histories. I have thus at any rate preserved the often comic contrast between the first-names and surnames, of which the Hobbits themselves were well aware. Names of classical origin have rarely been used; for the nearest equivalents to Latin and Greek in Shire-lore were the Elvish tongues, and these the Hobbits seldom used in nomenclature. Few of them at any time knew the ‘languages of the kings’, as they called them. The names of the Bucklanders were different from those of the rest of the Shire. The folk of the Marish and their offshoot across the Brandywine were in many ways peculiar, as has been told. It was from the former language of the southern Stoors, no doubt, that they inherited many of their very odd names. These I have usually left unaltered, for if queer now, they were queer in their own day. They had a style that we should perhaps feel vaguely to be ‘Celtic’. Since the survival of traces of the older language of the Stoors and the Bree-men resembled the survival of Celtic elements in England, I have sometimes imitated the latter in my translation. Thus Bree, Combe (Coomb), Archet, and Chetwood are modelled on relics of British nomenclature, chosen according to sense: bree ‘hill’ chet ‘wood’. But only one personal name has been altered in this way. Meriadoc was chosen to fit the fact that this character’s shortened name, Kali, meant in the Westron ‘jolly, gay’, though it was actually an abbreviation of the now unmeaning Buckland name Kalimac. I have not used names of Hebraic or similar origin in my transpositions. Nothing in Hobbit-names corresponds to this element in our names. Short names such as Sam, Tom, Tim, Mat were common as abbreviations of actual

1136 THE LORD OF THE RINGS Hobbit-names, such as Tomba, Tolma, Matta, and the like. But Sam and his father Ham were really called Ban and Ran. These were shortenings of Banazir and Ranugad, originally nicknames, meaning ‘halfwise, simple’ and ‘stay-at-home’; but being words that had fallen out of colloquial use they remained as traditional names in certain families. I have therefore tried to preserve these features by using Samwise and Hamfast, modernizations of ancient English samwis and hamfest which corresponded closely in meaning. Having gone so far in my attempt to modernize and make familiar the language and names of Hobbits, I found myself involved in a further process. The Mannish languages that were related to the Westron should, it seemed to me, be turned into forms related to English. The language of Rohan I have accordingly made to resemble ancient English, since it was related both (more distantly) to the Common Speech, and (very closely) to the former tongue of the northern Hobbits, and was in comparison with the Westron archaic. In the Red Book it is noted in several places that when Hobbits heard the speech of Rohan they recognized many words and felt the language to be akin to their own, so that it seemed absurd to leave the recorded names and words of the Rohirrim in a wholly alien style. In several cases I have modernized the forms and spellings of place-names in Rohan: as in Dunharrow or Snowbourn; but I have not been consistent, for I have followed the Hobbits. They altered the names that they heard in the same way, if they were made of elements that they recognized, or if they resembled place-names in the Shire; but many they left alone, as I have done, for instance, in Edoras the courts’. For the same reasons a few personal names have also been modernized, as Shadowfax and Wormtongue.' This assimilation also provided a convenient way of representing the peculiar local hobbit-words that were of northern origin. They have been given the forms that lost English words might well have had, if they had come down to our day. Thus mathom is meant to recall ancient English mathm, and so to represent the relationship of the actual Hobbit kast to R. kastu. Similarly smal (or smile) ‘burrow’ is a likely form for a descendant of smygel, and represents well the relationship of Hobbit tran to R. trahan. Sméagol and Déagol are equivalents made up in the same way for the names Trahald ‘burrowing, worming in’, and Nahald ‘secret’ in the Northern tongues. The still more northerly language of Dale is in this book seen only in the names of the Dwarves that came from that region and so used the language of the Men there, taking their ‘outer’ names in that tongue. It may be observed that in this book as in The Hobbit the form dwarves is used, although the dictionaries tell us that the plural of dwarf is dwarfs. It should be dwarrows (or dwerrows), if singular and plural had each gone its own way down the years, as have man and men, or goose and geese. But we no longer speak of a dwarf as often as we do of a man, or even of a goose, and memories have ' This linguistic procedure does not imply that the Rohirrim closely resembled the ancient English otherwise, in culture or art, in weapons or modes of warfare, except in a general way due to their circumstances: a simpler and more primitive people living in contact with a higher and more venerable culture, and occupying lands that had once been part of its domain.

APPENDIX F 1137 not been fresh enough among Men to keep hold of a special plural for a race now abandoned to folk-tales, where at least a shadow of truth is preserved, or at last to nonsense-stories in which they have become mere figures of fun. But in the Third Age something of their old character and power is still glimpsed, if already a little dimmed; these are the descendants of the Naugrim of the Elder Days, in whose hearts still burns the ancient fire of Aulé the Smith, and the embers smoulder of their long grudge against the Elves; and in whose hands still lives the skill in work of stone that none have surpassed. It is to mark this that I have ventured to use the form dwarves, and remove them a little, perhaps, from the sillier tales of these latter days. Dwarrows would have been better; but I have used that form only in the name Dwarrowdelf, to represent the name of Moria in the Common Speech: Phurunargian. For that meant ‘Dwarf-delving’ and yet was already a word of antique form. But Moria is an Elvish name, and given without love; for the Eldar, though they might at need, in their bitter wars with the Dark Power and his servants, contrive fortresses underground, were not dwellers in such places of choice. They were lovers of the green earth and the lights of heaven; and Moria in their tongue means the Black Chasm. But the Dwarves themselves, and this name at least was never kept secret, called it Khazad-diim, the Mansion of the Khazad; for such is their own name for their own race, and has been so, since Aulé gave it to them at their making in the deeps of time. Elves has been used to translate both Quendi, ‘the speakers’, the Highelven name of all their kind, and Eldar, the name of the Three Kindreds that sought for the Undying Realm and came there at the beginning of Days (save the Sindar only). This old word was indeed the only one available, and was once fitted to apply to such memories of this people as Men preserved, or to the makings of Men’s minds not wholly dissimilar. But it has been diminished, and to many it may now suggest fancies either pretty or silly, as unlike to the Quendi of old as are butterflies to the swift falcon — not that any of the Quendi ever possessed wings of the body, as unnatural to them as to Men. They were a race high and beautiful, the older Children of the world, and among them the Eldar were as kings, who now are gone: the People of the Great Journey, the People of the Stars. They were tall, fair of skin and grey-eyed, though their locks were dark, save in the golden house of Finarfin;! and their voices had more melodies than any mortal voice that now is heard. They were valiant, but the history of those that returned to Middle-earth in exile was grievous; and though it was in far-off days crossed by the fate of the Fathers, their fate is not that of Men. Their dominion passed long ago, and they dwell now beyond the circles of the world, and do not return. Note on three names: Hobbit, Gamgee, and Brandywine. Hobbit is an invention. In the Westron the word used, when this people was referred to at all, was banakil ‘halfling’. But at this date the folk of the Shire and of Bree used the word kuduk, which was not found elsewhere. Meriadoc, however, actually records that the King of Rohan used the word kiid-dtikan ‘hole-dweller’. Since, as has been ' [These words describing characters of face and hair in fact applied only to the Noldor: see The Book of Lost Tales, Part One, p. 44.]

1138 THE LORD OF THE RINGS noted, the Hobbits had once spoken a language closely related to that of the Rohirrim, it seems likely that kuduk was a worn-down form of kzid-dtikan. The latter I have translated, for reasons explained, by holbytla; and hobbit provides a word that might well be a worn-down form of holbytla, if that name had occurred in our own ancient language. Gamgee. According to family tradition, set out in the Red Book, the surname Galbasi, or in reduced form Galpsi, came from the village of Galabas, popularly supposed to be derived from galab- ‘game’ and an old element bas-, more or less equivalent to our wick, wich. Gamwich (pronounced Gammidge) seemed therefore a very fair rendering. However, in reducing Gammidgy to Gamgee, to represent Galpsi, no reference was intended to the connexion of Samwise with the family of Cotton, though a jest of that kind would have been hobbit-like enough, had there been any warrant in their language. Cotton, in fact, represents Hlothran, a fairly common village-name in the Shire, derived from /loth, ‘a two-roomed dwelling or hole’, and ran(u) a small group of such dwellings on a hill-side. As a surname it may be an alteration of hlothram(a) ‘cottager’. Hlothram, which I have rendered Cotman, was the name of Farmer Cotton’s grandfather. Brandywine. The hobbit-names of this river were alterations of the Elvish Baranduin (accented on and), derived from baran ‘golden brown’ and duin ‘(large) river’. Of Baranduin Brandywine seemed a natural corruption in modern times. Actually the older hobbit-name was Branda-nin ‘border-water’, which would have been more closely rendered by Marchbourn; but by a jest that had become habitual, referring again to its colour, at this time the river was usually called Bralda-him ‘heady ale’. It must be observed, however, that when the Oldbucks (Zaragamba) changed their name to Brandybuck (Brandagamba), the first element meant ‘borderland’, and Marchbuck would have been nearer. Only a very bold hobbit would have ventured to call the Master of Buckland Braldagamba in his hearing.

INDEX Compiled by Christina Scull & Wayne G. Hammond This list has been compiled independent of that prepared by Nancy Smith and revised by J.R.R. Tolkien for the second edition (1965) of The Lord of the Rings and augmented in later printings; but for the final result reference has been made to the earlier index in order to resolve questions of content and to preserve Tolkien’s occasional added notes and ‘translations’ [here indicated within square brackets]. We have also referred to the index that Tolkien himself began to prepare during 1954, but which he left unfinished after dealing only with place-names. He had intended, as he said in his original foreword to The Lord of the Rings, to provide ‘an index of names and strange words with some explanations’; but it soon became clear that such a work would be too long and costly, easily a short volume unto itself. (Tolkien’s manuscript list of place-names informed his son Christopher’s indexes in The Silmarillion and Unfinished Tales, and is referred to also in the present authors’ The Lord of the Rings: A Reader’s Companion.) Readers have long complained that the original index is too brief and fragmented for serious use. In the present work citations are given more comprehensively for names of persons, places, and things, and unusual (invented) words, mentioned or alluded to in the text (i.e. excluding the maps); and there is a single main sequence of entries, now preceded by a list of poems and songs by first line and a list of poems and phrases in languages other than English (Common Speech). Nonetheless, although this new index is greatly enlarged compared with its predecessor, some constraints on its length were necessary so that it might fit comfortably after the Appendices. Thus it has not been possible to index separately or to cross-reference every variation of every name in The Lord of the Rings (of which there are thousands), and we have had to be particularly selective when indexing Appendices D through F, concentrating on those names or terms that feature in the main text, and when subdividing entries by aspect. Primary entry elements have been chosen usually according to predominance in The Lord of the Rings, but sometimes based on familiarity or ease of reference: thus (for instance) predominant Nazgiil rather than Ringwraiths or even less frequent Black Riders, and predominant and familiar Treebeard rather than Fangorn, with cross-references from (as they seem to us) the most important alternate terms. Names of bays, bridges, fords, gates, towers, vales, etc. including ‘Bay’, ‘Bridge’, etc. are entered usually under the principal element, e.g. Belfalas, Bay of rather than Bay of Belfalas. Names of battles and mountains are entered directly, e.g. Battle of Bywater, Mount Doom. With one exception (Rose Cotton), married female hobbits are indexed under the husband’s surname, with selective cross-references from maiden names.

1140 I. Poems and Songs A Elbereth Gilthoniel 238 A Elbereth Gilthoniel (another poem) 729 A! Elbereth Gilthoniel! 1028 Ai! laurié lantar lassi surinen! 377-8 Alive without breath 621 All that is gold does not glitter 170, 247 Arise, arise, Riders of Théoden! 838 Arise now, arise, Riders of Théoden! 517 Cold be hand and heart and bone 141 Cold hard lands, The 620 Earendil was a mariner 233-6 Elven-maid there was of old, An 339-41 Ents the earthborn, old as mountains 586 Ere iron was found or was hewn 544 Faithful servant yet master’s bane 845 Farewell we call to hearth and hall! 106 From dark Dunharrow in the dim morning 803 Get out, you old Wight! Vanish in the sunlight! 142 Gil-galad was an Elven-king 185 Gondor! Gondor, between the Mountains and the Sea! 423 Grey as a mouse 646 Hey! Come derry dol! Hop along, my hearties! 122 Hey! Come merry dol! derry dol! My darling! 119 Hey dol! merry dol! ring a dong dillo! 119 Hey! now! Come hoy now! Whither do you wander? 144 Ho! Ho! Ho! to the bottle I go 90 Ho! Tom Bombadil, Tom Bombadillo! 134, 142 Hop along, my little friends, up the Withywindle! 121 I had an errand there: gathering waterlilies 126 I sang of leaves, of leaves of gold, and leaves of gold there grew 372-3 I sit beside the fire and think 278-9 In Dwimordene, in Lérien 514 In the willow-meads of Tasarinan I walked in the Spring 469 In western lands beneath the Sun 908-9 Learn now the lore of Living Creatures! 464 Leaves were long, the grass was green, The 191-3 Legolas Greenleaf long under tree 503 THE LORD OF THE RINGS Long live the Halflings! Praise them with great praise! 953 Mourn not overmuch! Mighty was the fallen 843 Now let the song begin! Let us sing together 122 O Orofarné, Lassemista, Carnimirié! 483-4 O slender as a willow-wand! O clearer than clear water! 124 O! Wanderers in the shadowed land 112 Old Tom Bombadil is a merry fellow 124, 142 Out of doubt, out of dark to the day’s rising 847 Out of doubt, out of dark, to the day’s rising 976 Over the land there lies a long shadow 781 Road goes ever on and on, The (three poems) 35, 73, 987 Seek for the Sword that was broken 246 Silver flow the streams from Celos to Erui 875 Sing hey! for the bath at close of day ror Sing now, ye people of the Tower of Anor 963 Snow-white! Snow-white! O Lady clear! 79 Still round the corner there may wait 1028 Tall ships and tall kings 597 There is an inn, a merry old inn 158-60 Three Rings for the Elven-kings under the sky 50 Through Rohan over fen and field where the long grass grows 417-18 To Isengard! Though Isengard be ringed and barred with doors of stone 485 To the Sea, to the Sea! The white gulls are crying 956 Tom’s country ends here: he will not pass the borders 148 Troll sat alone on his seat of stone 206-8 Upon the hearth the fire is red 77 Wake now my merry lads! Wake and hear me calling! 143 We come, we come with horn and drum: ta-riina rina rina rom! 484 We come, we come with roll of drum: tarunda runda runda rom! 484 We heard of the horns in the hills ringing 849 When evening in the Shire was grey 359-60

INDEX When spring unfolds the beechen leaf, and sap is in the bough 477 When the black breath blows 865 When winter first begins to bite 273 Where now are the Dunedain, Elessar, Elessar? 503 Where now the horse and the rider? Where is the horn that was blowing? 508 World was young, the mountains green, The 315-17 II. Poems and Phrases in Languages Other Than Common Speech A Elbereth Gilthoniel ... (variants) 238, 729 A! Elbereth Gilthoniel! ... 1028 A laita te, laita te! Andava laituvalmet! 953 A-lalla-lalla-rumba-kamanda-lind-orburumé 465 Ai! laurié lantar lassi surinen . . . 377 Ai na vedui Dunadan! Mae govannen! 209 Aiya Earendil Elenion Ancalima! 720 Aiyaelenion ancalima! 915 Annon edhellen, edro hi ammen! ... 307 Arwen vanimelda, namarié! 352 Ash nazg durbatulak ... 254 Baruk Khazad! Khazad ai-ménu! 534, 1132 Conin en Anntn! Eglerio! 953 Cormacolindor, a laita tarienna! 953 Cuio i Pheriain anann! Aglar’ni Pheriannath! 953 Daur a Berhael, Conin en Annitn! Eglerio! 953 Elen sila lumenn’ omentielvo 81 Ennyn Durin Aran Moria 305 Ernil i Pheriannath 768 Et Earello Endorenna utulien ... 967 Ferthu Théoden hal! 522 Galadhremmin ennorath 1115 (cf. 238) Gilthoniel, A Elbereth! 729, 915 Khazad ai-ménu! 535 Laurelindérenan lindelorendor malinornélion ornemalin 467 Naur an edraith ammen! 290, 299 Naur dan i ngaurhoth! 299 Noro lim, noro lim, Asfaloth! 213 O Orofarné, Lassemista, Carnimirié! 483, , 484 Onen i-Estel Edain, u-chebin estel anim I061 II4I Taureliloméa-tumbalemorna Tumbaletauréa Loméanor 467, II31 Ugluk u bagronk sha pushdug Sarumanglob bubhosh skai 445 Westu Théoden hal! 518 Yé! utuvienyes! 971 Ill. Persons, Places, and Things Accursed Years 787 Adorn 1065, 1069 Adrahil 1056, 1089 Adtinaic 1035, 1036, III4, II116, I129 Adtnakhor 1114 Aeglos [Icicle], Spear of Gil-galad 243 Aglarond see Glittering Caves of Aglarond Akallabéth 1035 Aldalomé 469 Aldamir 1038, 1086 Aldor the Old 977, 1068, 1070 Alfirin 875 Alphabets see Writing and spelling Aman (Blessed Realm, Undying Lands, Undying Realm, Uttermost West, the West, Western Shore, Land beyond the Sea, etc.) 45, 131, 223, 244, 341, 365, 366, 670, 676, 956, 975, 1030, 1034, 1035, 1037, 1039, 1062, 1063, 1065, 1082, 1084, 1128, 1137; see also Eresséa; Valimar; Valinor Amandil 1036 Ambarona 469 Amlaith 1038 Amon Din (Din) 747, 830, 832, 833, 834, 9725 976 Amon Hen (Hill of Sight, Hill of the Eye) 389, 393-4, 395, 396, 400-2, 405, 413, 418, 639, 644; seat on (Seat of Seeing) 400, 402, 405, 413 Amon Lhaw (Hill of Hearing) 393-4, 395, 401, 402, 407; seat on 402 Amon Sil see Weathertop Amroth 340-1, 1087; name I127; Amroth’s haven 340, 872; mound of see Cerin Amroth; see also Dol Amroth Anardil 1038 Anéarion 242, 244, 252, 393, 597, 663, 678, 1037, 1038, 1043, 1044, 1049, 1056, 1057, 1084; heirs, House of (Southern Line) 670, 854, 1038, 10453 name 1128 Anborn 675, 684-8 passim, 691 Ancalagon the Black 61 Ancient World 356

1142 Anduin (Great River, the River, River of Gondor) 35 8, 52-35 58, 244, 245, 250, 251, 254; 2575 258, 268, 2745 281, 283, 335> 338, 3395 341, 347, 348, 351, 367-407 passim, 413, 415-19 passim, 421, 422, 425, 429, 436, 437, 440, 446, 452, 459, 476, 492, 495, 496, 564, 603, 604, 616, 639, 641, 642, 646, 648, 650, 658, 659, 661, 666, 667, 684, 697, 707s 750s 755s 759s 763, 7645 765, 7895 799, 808, 809, 812, 816, 817, 821, 822, 824, 834, 839, 843, 846-9 passim, 853, 873-8 passim, 881, 884, 890, 955> 956, 957s 965; 971, 979; 1014, 1045-9 passim, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1064, 1077, 1084, 1089, 1094, 1095, 1098, I127, 1130; mouths, delta of (Ethir [outflow] Anduin) 242, 290, 400, 417, 659, 771; 846, 877, 1044, 1129; sources of 1063 Anduin, Vale(s) of [lowlands watered by Anduin from Lorien to the Ethir; the ‘lower vales’ south of Rauros; north of Lorien were the ‘upper vales’] 3, 609, 807, 824, 884, 919, 970, 1045, IOSI, 1053, 1063, 1064, 1090, IIIO, 1127, 1129, 1135; Men of Anduin’s Vale 1064 Andunié, Lords of 1035, 1043 Anduril (Flame of the West, the Sword, the Sword Reforged) 277, 279, 324; 325, 368, 374, 433, 437, 494, 500, 5IO-II, 533-45 5375 759s 780, 848, 879, 882, 923, 967; see also Narsil Anfalas see Langstrand Angamaité 1048 Angband 193 Angbor, Lord of Lamedon 875, 877, 881 Angerthas Daeron 1123-6 Angerthas Moria 1118, 1123-6 Angle, between Hoarwell and Loudwater I040-I, 1085, 1086, 1120 Angle, in Lothlorien 347 Angmar 5, 146, 185, 201, 844, 1040, IO4I, 1049, 1050, IOS5I, 1064, 1078, 1086; Lord of see Witch-king Angrenost see Isengard Ann-thennath 193 Annuminas 244, 598, 1037, 1042, 1044, 1086; palantir of 598, 10423; sceptre of (sceptre of Arnor) 972, 1043, 1057, 1062 Anor, flame of 330 Anor-stone see Palantir Anorien (Sunlending) 747, 750, 765, 803, 821, 834, 882, 883, 976, 1047, 1054, I093, III5, 1127; East Anorien 830 THE LORD OF THE RINGS Appledore, surname 155 Appledore, Rowlie 992 Ar-Adinakhor ‘Lord of the West’ 1035, 1036, 1084 Ar-Gimilz6r 1035 Ar-Inziladin see Tar-Palantir Ar-Pharaz6n ‘the Golden’ 1035, 1036-7, 1043, 1047, 1084, II14 Ar-Sakalth6r 1035 Ar-Zimrath6n 1035 Arador 1038, 1057, 1089 Araglas 1038 Aragorn I 1038, 1043 Aragorn II, son of Arathorn II (Strider, heir of Elendil and Isildur, Captain, Chieftain, Lord of the Dunedain of Arnor, Captain of the Host of the West, chief of the Rangers, King of the Numenoreans, King of Gondor and the Western Lands, Lord of the White Tree, etc.) 14, 15, 58, 146, 156-7, 160-214 passim, 220-4 passim, 227, 231, 232, 233, 237, 238, 239, 246, 247, 248, 251, 253, 255, 262, 263, 264, 273-406 passim, 413-45 passim, 449, 453, 482, 488-550 passim, 552, 556-75 passim, 5775 584, 585, 588, 594, 5955 596, 599-600, 643, 644, 653, 658, 663-4, 670, 677, 680, 708, 753, 7545 759, 760, 761, 773-90 passim, 795-8 passim, 802, 810, 815, 847-9, 853, 861-91 passim, 897, 923, 948, 949, 951-8 passim, 960, 963-83 passim, 986-90 passim, 993-4, 995, 1005, 1034, 1039, 1043-4, 1047, 1050, 1055—63 passim, 1070, 1071, 1079, I080, 1088-98 passim, 1105, III2, 1133, 1134; (the) Dunadan 209, 231, 232-3, 237, 248, 433, 653, 1061; Elessar [name given to Aragorn in Lorien and adopted by him as King] 145 155 375» 3935 433> 503, 789, 8475 863, 885, 967, 968, 972, 976, 1039, 1044, 1047, I070, IO7I, 1079, 1080, 1095, 1097, 1098, II05, I1I2, 1128, see also Elfstone following; Elessar Telcontar 1039; Elfstone 775, 871, 884, 966, 975, 982; Envinyatar, the Renewer 863; Estel 1057, 1058, 1061, 1063, 1089; Longshanks 181; Strider [used in Bree and by his hobbitcompanions] frequently, especially 156-239; Stick-at-naught Strider 181; Telcontar 863; Thorongil [eagle of star] 1055, 1056, 1090; Wingfoot 436; as healer 198-9, 335-6, 545, 860,

INDEX 862-71, 952, 956, 958, 960, 966, 967; names 1128; of the children of Luthien 876; one of the Three Hunters 420, 491; his standard wrought by Arwen 775> 7785 7895 847, 848, 861, 877, 887; 891, 948, 953, 968, 1061, 1057, 1061, 1062, 1094 Aragost 1038 Arahad I 1038, 1043 Arahad II 1038 Arahael 1038, 1043 Aranarth 1038, 1041, 1043, 1057, 1086 Arantar 1038 Aranuir 1038 Araphant 1038, 1049, 1050 Araphor 1038, 1040 Arassuil 1038 Arathorn I 1038 Arathorn II 1038, 1057, 1089; see also Aragorn II, son of Arathorn IT Araval 1038 Aravir 1038 Aravorn 1038 Araw see Oromé Archet 149, I5I, 168, 180, I81, 182, 992; name I135 Arciryas 1050 Argeleb I 1038, 1040, 1086 Argeleb II 4, 1038, 1041, 1086 Argonath (Pillars of the Kings, Gate of Kings, Gates of Gondor, the Gates, sentinels of Numenor) 245, 268, 389, 391, 392-3, 402, 418, 426, 433, 702, 7545 7995 1046, 1092 Argonui 1038 Arkenstone 1072, 1078 Army of the West see Host of the West Arnach see Lossarnach Arnor (North Kingdom, Northern Kingdom, Northlands, etc.) 4, 5, 185, 201, 242, 243, 244, 252, 563, 597, 598, 844, 849, 862, 967, 982, 1037-44 passim, 1049, 1050, IO5I, 1061, 1062, I07I, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1097, I108; Realm in Exile 1038, 1084; calendar of 1107, 1110; High Kings of 1038, 10393 language of 1038, 1039-44, 1062, 1084, 1086, 1097, 1127, 1130; palantir of 1086; sceptre of see Annuminas; Star of the North Kingdom see Elendilmir Arod 439, 443, 488, 504-6, 509, 524, 560, 773, 786, 976 Artamir 1049 Arthedain 1038, 1039-41, 1050, 1086 Arvedui ‘Last-king’ 4, 781, 1038, 1039, I04I—3, 1049-50, 1086 1143 Arvegil 1038, 1044 Arveleg I 1038, 1040, 1086 Arveleg II 1038 Arwen (Lady, the Lady of Rivendell, etc.) 227, 230, 233, 238, 352, 375s 7755 847, 972-8 passim, 982, 1034, 1035, 1058-63 passim, 1080, 1085, 1089, 1090, 1094, 1095, 1097; Evenstar 227, 3752 9725 975, 1044, 1059; Queen Arwen 974, 976; 1097; Queen of Elves and Men 1062; Undomiel [cf. Undomé IIII] 227, 973, 1058, 1060, 1061, 1085, 1090; recalled, alluded to by Aragorn 194, 202, 280, 352, 375, 784; gift to Frodo (passage into the West) 974-53 gift to Frodo (white gem) 975, 1024, 1025; standard she wrought for Aragorn see Aragorn IT Aséa aranion see Athelas Asfaloth 209, 2II-14 passim, 222, 223 Ashen (Ash) Mountains see Ered Lithui Atanatar I 1038 Atanatar II Alcarin ‘the Glorious’ 1038, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1085 Atani see Edain Athelas (aséa aranion, kingsfoil) [a healing herb] 198-9, 336, 863-9 passim Aulé the Smith 1137 Avernien 233 Azanulbizar see Dimrill Dale; Battle of Nanduhirion (Azanulbizar) Azog 1073-6 passim, 1078 Bag End II, 13, 21-47 passim, 62—70 PassiM, 745 75; 99, 100, 103, 105, 167, 169, 184, 202, 263, 273, 318, 699, 910, 998, I000, IOOI, 1004, 1006, 1009, 1012, 1013, IOI4, 1017-25 passim, 1031, IO9I, 1097 Baggins family 9, 28, 29, 30, 37, 49, 278, II00; name 59 Baggins, Angelica 37, 1100 Baggins, Balbo 1100, I102 Baggins, Belladonna née Took I100, 1103 Baggins, Berylla née Boffin 1100, 1102 Baggins, Bilbo 1-7 passim, 10-15 passim, 21-49 passim, 54-68 passim, 73-7 passim, 80, 81, 83, 94—5, 100-6 passim, 132, 140, 157, 158, 169, 186, 201, 206, 208, 224-5, 228-33 passim, 236-41 passim, 247-8, 249, 254, 265, 269-73 passim, 277-9, 281, 288, 290, 317-18, 321, 328, 336, 360, 364, 383, 397, 404, 441, 461, 615, 620-1, 633, 640, 680, TIL, 731; 732, 893, 908, 955, 956, 9705 974, 984-8 passim, 1017, 1026, 1028,

1144 Baggins, Bilbo — cont. 1029, 1033, 1043, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1096, IIOO, 1102, III5; birthday, birthday-parties 14, 2I-2, 24-31, 34, 36-7, 42, 43, 65, 67-8, 157, 2735 985-6, 1026, 1028; book, diary see Red Book of Westmarch Baggins, Bingo 38, I100 Baggins, Bungo II00, 1103 Baggins, Camellia née Sackville 1100 Baggins, Chica née Chubb I100 Baggins, Dora 37, I100 Baggins, Drogo 22-3, 37, I100, IIOI, I104; see also Baggins, Frodo, son of Drogo Baggins, Dudo 1100 Baggins, Fosco I100, IIOI Baggins, Frodo, son of Drogo (Ringbearer, Mr. Underhill, the Halfling, etc.) 2, 10, 13, 15, 21-2, 23, 28, 30-407 passim, 413, 414, 415, 418, 419, 426, 434, 440, 444, 450, 453, 482, 490, 495-6, 516, 571, 603-742 passim, 748, 749, 753. 7925 796, 808, 8II-12, 813, 815, 879, 880, 885, 887, 889, 890, 892, 897, 898, 899, 902, 903, 904, 907, 908, 910-57 passim, 966, 968, 970, 972, 974-5, 982, 984-1030 passim, 1041, 1078, 1090-6 passim, I100—4 passim, I112, 11333 Daur 593; and story of the Ring of Doom (Frodo of the Nine Fingers) 712; 950, 954 Baggins, Gilly née Brownlock I100 Baggins, Largo I100, 1102 Baggins, Laura née Grubb II00, 1102 Baggins, Longo 1100 Baggins, Mimosa née Bunce I100 Baggins, Mungo I100, I102 Baggins, Polo 1100 Baggins, Ponto, the elder 1100 Baggins, Ponto, the younger I100 Baggins, Porto 1100 Baggins, Posco 1100 Baggins, Primula née Brandybuck 23, II00, 1103, 1104 Baggins, Ruby née Bolger 1100, IIoI Baggins, Tanta née Hornblower 1100 Bagshot Row 22, 26, 38, 69, 70, 76, 363, 652, 995, IOII, IOI4, IOI6, 1022 Bain, son of Bard, King of Dale 229, 1090 Balchoth 1053, 1064 Baldor 787, 797-8, 977, 1068, 1087 Balin, son of Fundin 229, 231, 240-1, 268, 297, 318, 320, 321-3, 324, 356, THE LORD OF THE RINGS 1076, 1077, I079, 1089, 1090; tomb of 319-20, 321, 325 Balrog (Durin’s Bane, elf-bane) 317, 326, 327, 329-31, 356, 360, 387-8, 501-2, 677, 1072, 1075, 1087, 1092 Bamfurlong 91 Banks, surname 155 Banks, Willie 992 Barad-dar (Dark Tower, Fortress of Sauron, Lugburz, Great Tower, the Tower, etc.) 44, 51, 226, 244, 250, 251, 2535 276, 296, 356, 401, 416, 446, 451, 4525 454, 495, 497, 555, 564, 583, 589, 594, 598, 599, 604, 635, 637, 643, 644, 657, 659, 723, 737-41 passim, 823, 878-9, 880, 888, 890, 900, 901, 902, 905; 919; 923, 931; 932; 935, 936; 938, 942, 946, 948, 963, 966, 1005, 1043, 1044, 1055, IO6I, 1067, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1089, 1094, 1095, IIII, II3I, 1132; hosts of see Sauron; name (Dark Tower) 1134; sometimes used as a synonym for Sauron Barahir, father of Beren 193, 1034, 1042; see also Beren, son of Barahir; Ring of Barahir Barahir, grandson of Faramir 15 Barahir, steward 1039 Baranduin see Brandywine Barazinbar (Baraz) see Caradhras Bard of Esgaroth (Bard the Bowman) 229, 1078, 1089, 1090 Bard II of Dale 1095 Bardings see Dale: Men of Barrow-downs (Downlands) 113, 114, I22, I29, 130, 133, 136-46 passim, I51, 163, 179, 262, 442, 844, 996, 1040, I041, 1130; Tyrn Gorthad 1040, 1041, 1086; north-gate of 138 Barrowfield 507, 787, 976-7, 1067, 1069 Barrows (mounds) 130, 133-4, 139-43, 185, 756; barrow in which Frodo is imprisoned 140-3, 145, 195, 219, 719, 731, 1041; knives from see Swords; of the kings of Rohan see Barrowfield; see also Mound of the Riders Barrow-wight(s) (Wights) 130, 131, 133, 140-3, 144, 145, 185, 265, 756, I09I Battle Gardens 1022 Battle of Azanulbizar see Battle of Nanduhirion Battle of Bywater 1015-16, 1021, 10963 Roll of 1016 Battle of Dagorlad (Great Battle) 243, 628, 671, 1043, 1084

INDEX Battle of Dale, 2941 Third Age see Battle of Five Armies Battle of Dale, 3019 Third Age 1094 Battle of Five Armies (of Dale) 11, 47, 229, 296, 1078, 1079, 1089 Battle of Fornost 1051, 1086 Battle of Greenfields 5, 1016 Battle of Nanduhirion (Azanulbizar) 1074, 1079, 1088 Battle of the Camp 1049, 1086 Battle of the Crossings of Erui 1047, 1086 Battle of the Field of Gondor see Battle of the Pelennor Fields Battle of the Field of Celebrant 512, 678, 976, 1064, 1065, 1087 Battle of the Hornburg 532-42, 1093 Battle of the Peak, i.e. Celebdil 502 Battle of the Pelennor Fields 818, 819-25, 828-9, 836-49, 856, 858, 877; 878, 881, 919, 1062, 1069, 1070, 1080, 1093-4 Battle Plain see Dagorlad Battles of the Fords of Isen 513, 527, 550-2, 1092, 1093 Beacon hills, beacons 747, 748, 765, 804-5 Beechbone 568 Belecthor I 1039 Belecthor II 1039, 1054, 1088 Beleg 1038 Belegorn 1039 Belegost 1071 Beleriand (Northern Lands, Norland) 193, 236, 305, 722, 723, IO4I, III5, III7—18, 1128 Belfalas 4, 748, 750, 765, 846 Belfalas, Bay of 341, 381 Béma see Oromé Beorn 228 Beornings 228, 369-70, 400, 431, 1063, 1094; honey cakes of 369; land of 400; language of 1129 Beregond, son of Baranor (Beregond of the Guard) 760-7, 769, 771-2, 807, 808-9, 810, 818, 827, 850, 851-7 passim, 862, 866, 870, 883, 884, 892, 968-9; see also Bergil, son of Beregond Beregond, steward 1039, 1054 Beren, son of Barahir (Beren One-hand) I9I—4, 271, 277, 712, 723, 728, 9505 1034, 1042, 1058, 1059, 1082; name 1128; Beren and Luthien, lay of 277 Beren, steward 1039, 1054, 1067 Bergil, son of Beregond 768, 769-71, 859, 865, 866, 883-4 1145 Beruthiel, Queen, cats of 311 Beryl, an elf-stone 201 Better Smials 1022 Bifur 229, 1079 Big Folk, Big People see Men Bill, pony 179, 180, 181, 186, 199, 203, 204, 205, 211, 280, 284, 287, 289-90, 293, 298, 301-2, 303-4, 307, 308, 309, 312, 990, 994, 995; 999; 1027 Birds, as spies 183-4, 284-6, 294, 416, 548, 766 Birthday, Bilbo and Frodo’s see Baggins, Bilbo Black Breath (Black Shadow) 173, 256, 860, 864, 865, 871 Black Captain see Witch-king Black Country see Mordor Black fleet (black sails, black ships) 847, 853, 863, 875-7; 897, 955, 1093 Black Gate(s) of Mordor see Morannon Black Land see Mordor Black Numenoreans see Numenoreans Black One (Black Hand) see Sauron Black Riders see Nazgul Black Shadow see Black Breath Black Speech (language of Mordor) 50, 253, 254, III7, 1122, 1131-2 Black Stone see Stone of Erech Black Years 51, 254 Blackroot see Morthond Blanco 4, 1099 Blessed Realm see Aman Blue Mountains (Ered Luin, Mountains of Lune) 4, 43, 185, 468, 1039, 1041, I07I, 1076, 1082, 1083, 1088 Bob 153, 160, 178, 179, 991 Boffin family 9, 28, 29, 30, 37, 395 495 1102; name 1135 Boffin, Basso 1102 Boffin, Bosco 1102 Boffin, Briffo 1102 Boffin, Buffo 1102 Boffin, Daisy née Baggins 1100, I102 Boffin, Donnamira née Took 1102, 1103 Boffin, Druda née Burrows 1102 Boffin, Folco 42, 67, 68, 1102 Boffin, Griffo 1100, I102 Boffin, Gruffo 1102 Boffin, Hugo 1102, 1103 Boffin, Ivy née Goodenough 1102 Boffin, Jago 1102 Boffin, Lavender née Grubb 1102 Boffin, Mr. 44 Boffin, Otto ‘the Fat’ 1102 Boffin, Rollo 1102 Boffin, Sapphira née Brockhouse 1102

1146 Boffin, Tosto 1102 Boffin, Uffo 1102 Boffin, Vigo 1102 Bofur 229, 1079 Bolg 1073, 1078 Bolger family 28, 29, 30, 37, 395 495 IIOI; name III3; names in 1135 Bolger, Adalbert 1101, 1102 Bolger, Adalgar 1101 Bolger, Alfrida 1101 Bolger, Amethyst née Hornblower I1o1 Bolger, Belba née Baggins I100, IIOI Bolger, Cora née Goodbody I1o1 Bolger, Dina née Diggle 1101 Bolger, Fastolph 1100, IIoI Bolger, Filibert 1100, IIo Bolger, Fredegar ‘Fatty’ 42, 67, 68, 100-10 passim, 176, 1021, IIOI, 1102, 1103 Bolger, Gerda née Boffin 1101, 1102 Bolger, Gundabald 1101, 1104 Bolger, Gundahad I1o1 Bolger, Gundahar I1o1 Bolger, Gundolpho 1101 Bolger, Heribald rro1 Bolger, Herugar II01, 1102 Bolger, Jessamine née Boffin 1101, I102 Bolger, Nina née Lightfoot 1101 Bolger, Nora I1or Bolger, Odovacar IIOI, I103 Bolger, Pansy née Baggins I100, IIOI Bolger, Poppy née Chubb-Baggins 1100, IIOI Bolger, Prisca née Baggins 1100, IIOI Bolger, Rosamunda née Took II0I, 1103 Bolger, Rudibert 1101 Bolger, Rudigar 1100, IIoI Bolger, Rudolph r1o1 Bolger, Salvia née Brandybuck I1oI, 1104 Bolger, Theobald r1o1 Bolger, Wilibald 1100, I1o1 Bolger, Wilimar Iro1 Bombadil, Tom 119-37 passim, 142-8 passim, 1§2, 163, 179, 214, 265-6, 472, 719, 996, 1030, 1091; Forn 265; Tarwain Ben-adar 265, 266; I114; Orald 265; Eldest (oldest) 131, 265; house of (under hill) 119, 121-2, 123-5, 137; 142, 1030 Bombur 229, 1079 Bonfire Glade I10, 111-12 Book of Mazarbul 321-3, 356, 1126 Books of Lore, at Rivendell 107 Borgil 81 Borin 1072, 1079 Boromir, son of Denethor II (Captain, THE LORD OF THE RINGS High Warden of the White Tower, of the Nine Walkers, etc.) 240, 245, 247, 248-9, 252, 255, 258, 262, 266, 267-8, 269, 276, 279-405 passim, 413-19 passim, 425, 431, 432, 4345 4355 436, 442, 444, 446, 490, 496, 517, 563, 571; 657-8, 663-8, 669, 671, 672, 677, 679, 680-1, 692, 7495 7535 754-65 7595 764, 766, 767, 798, 810-18 passim, 856, 1053, 1056, 1090, IOQI, 10923 name 1128; horn of see Horn of Boromir Boromir, steward 1039, 1053, 1054 Bounders I0, 45 Bracegirdle family 28, 29, 30, 49, 1021 Bracegirdle, Blanco 1102 Bracegirdle, Bruno 1102 Bracegirdle, Hugo 37, 1102 Bracegirdle, Primrose née Boffin 1102 Brand, son of Bain, King of Dale 229, 241-2, 1078, 1080, 1090, 1094, 1095 Brandy Hall 7, 14, 15, 23, 92, 93, 985 100, II104 Brandybuck family 7, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 39, 66, 91, 94, 98, 100, 107, 150, 177, 870, I104; name 1138; inquisitiveness of 591; Master of the Hall (Master of Buckland), i.e. head of the family 4, 8, 98, 107 Brandybuck, Adaldrida née Bolger 1101, II04 Brandybuck, Amaranth 1104 Brandybuck, Berilac 1104 Brandybuck, Celandine 1104 Brandybuck, Dinodas 1104 Brandybuck, Doderic 1104 Brandybuck, Dodinas 1104 Brandybuck, Esmeralda née Took 31, 1103, I104 Brandybuck, Estella née Bolger 1101, 1103, I104 Brandybuck, Gorbadoc ‘Broadbelt’ 23, 1103, I104 Brandybuck, Gorbulas 1104 Brandybuck, Gormadoc ‘Deepdelver’ 1104 Brandybuck, Hanna née Goldworthy 1104 Brandybuck, Hilda née Bracegirdle 1102, II04 Brandybuck, Ilberic 1104 Brandybuck, Madoc ‘Proudneck’ 1104 Brandybuck, Malva née Headstrong 1104 Brandybuck, Marmadas 1104 Brandybuck, Marmadoc ‘Masterful’ 1101, 1104

INDEX Brandybuck, Marroc 1104 Brandybuck, Melilot 29, 1104 Brandybuck, Menegilda née Goold 1104 Brandybuck, Mentha 1104 Brandybuck, Meriadoc ‘Merry’, son of Saradoc 2, 8, 15, 39, 42-3, 66-7, 68, 71, 92, 97-154 passim, 163, 169, 172-214 passim, 219, 223-4, 226, 227, 239, 272-405 passim, 414-15, 433, 435, 437-8, 440-1, 444, 447-500 passim, §21, 556-77 passim, 583-93 passim, 596, 658, 754; 755: 767, 770, 773-9 passim, 791-805 passim, 830-3 passim, 836-7, 840-5 passim, 858-60, 863, 868-74 passim, 883-4, 892, 897; 954, 955s 961, 963, 966, 970, 975, 9775 9785 981-1027 passim, 1030-1, 1033, 1070, IOQI, 1092, 1096, 1097, 1098, I100, IIOI, 1103, 1104, III5, 1137; Holdwine of the Mark 978, 1070, 10973 Meriadoc ‘the Magnificent’ 1070, 1104; Master of Buckland 1070, 1098; horn of see Horn of the Mark; name 1135 Brandybuck, Merimac I104 Brandybuck, Merimas 1104 Brandybuck, Mirabella née Took 1103, 1104 Brandybuck, Orgulas 1104 Brandybuck, Rorimac ‘Goldfather’, ‘Old Rory’ 31, 38, 1104 Brandybuck, Sadoc 1104 Brandybuck, Saradas 1104 Brandybuck, Saradoc ‘Scattergold’ 556, 1103, I104 Brandybuck, Seredic 1104 Brandywine (Baranduin) 4, 6, 22, 23, 43, 73> 83, 89, 91, 92, 98-9, 100, 113, 121, 1355 149, 157, 172, 177, 210, 288, 368, 918, 993, 998, 1013, 1039-40, 1086, 1089, 1099, 1135, 1137; name 1134, 1137, 1138; valley of 135 Brandywine Bridge (Bridge of Stonebows, Great Bridge) 4, 5, 24, 67, 71, 88, 99, 107, 108, 137, 150, 996, 998, 1000, IOOI, 1044, 1096, 1097; bridge-house 1000, 1003; Bridge Inn 999 Bree (Bree-land, Bree-folk, Breelanders) 4, 8, 15, 148-69 passim, 172-80 passim, 182, 183, 185, 187, 221, 232, 248, 256, 257, 261, 263, 264, 280, 327, 562, 566, 870, 986, 991-5 passim, 1004, 1005, 1040, 1077, 1080, 1086, 1089, IOQI, 1096, 1109; calendar of 1107, I110; Gate-keeper 990; Hobbits 1147 of (Little Folk) 8, 148-57 passim, 161, 992; Men of (Big Folk) 148, 149-56 passim; language, dialect of 155, 1130; names in II134—5; place-names in 1130; South-gate of 150, 173, 181, 989-90; West-gate of 150, 151, 173, 174, 9953 “strange as news from Bree’ 647 Bree-hill 181, 989, 992 Bregalad see Quickbeam Brego, son of Eorl 516, 797-8, 977, 1068, 1087 Bridgefields 108 Brockenbores 1021 Brockhouse family 28, 29, 30; name 155 Brown Lands 380, 381, 459, 476, 1064 Bruinen (Loudwater) 3, 188, 200, 202, 204, 212, 215, 224, 238, 239 Bruinen, Ford of (Ford of Rivendell) 188, 200, 203, 204, 208, 210, 212-14, 219, 221, 223, 224, 249, 264, 2755 281, 989, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1092, 1096 Brytta see Léofa Bucca of the Marish 1043, 1087 Buck Hill 98, 100 Buckland (Bucklanders) 6, 9, 22, 23, 66-7, 69, 70, 76, 83, 925 935 95> 98-100, I07, 150, 151, 172, 176-7, 263, 998, 1025, 1031, 1087, 1097, III2, 1138; names 1135; Gate of (Buckland Gate, Hay Gate, Northgate) 107, 177; 996, 998; horn-call, horn-cry of 176-7, 1007; Master of see Brandybuck family Bucklebury 15, 67, 69, 75, 86, 91; 98; IOO, 106, I2I Bucklebury Ferry (the Ferry) 68, 71, 88-96 passim, 98-9 Budgeford 108, 1101 Bullroarer see Took, Bandobras Bumpkin 144 Bundushathtr (Shathtr) [Cloudy-head] see Fanuidhol Burrows family 28, 29, 30 Burrows, Asphodel née Brandybuck 1104 Burrows, Milo 37, 1100, 1104 Burrows, Minto 1100 Burrows, Moro 1100 Burrows, Mosco 1100 Burrows, Myrtle 1100 Burrows, Peony née Baggins 1100, 1104 Burrows, Rufus 1104 Butterbur family 8 Butterbur, Barliman (Barley) 148, 150-73 passim, 177-80 passim, 221, 248, 258, 261, 263, 986, 990-5 passim

1148 Bywater 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 40, 44, 71, 362, 934, IOOI—II passim, 1015, 1022, 1023, 1096; Pool at 939, 1004; see also Battle of Bywater Bywater Road 22, 1015-16 Cair Andros (Andros) 812, 816, 819, 821, 883, 886, 957, 963, 964, 1054, 1093 Calacirya [ravine of light] 235, 377, 378 Calembel 790, 1093 Calenardhon (/ater Rohan) 678, 1039, 1047, 1053, 1064, 1087 Calendars 15, 1106-12 Calenhad 747, 805 Calimehtar, brother of Romendacil II 1047 Calimehtar, son of Narmacil II 1038, 1049, 1086 Calimmacil 1050 Calmacil 1038, 1045 Captain of the Haven at Umbar 1055 Captains of the West 878, 881, 886-91 passim, 928, 931; 935, 938, 942; 948, 9495 957, 958, 960 Carach Angren see Isenmouthe Caradhras the Cruel (Barazinbar, Baraz, Redhorn) 282-3, 286-94 passim, 298, 317, 333, 356, 677, 749, 985, 1071, 1092, III3; pass of see Redhorn Gate Caras Galadhon (City of the Galadhrim, City of the Trees) 350, 351, 353-55 357s 361, 371, 388, 472, 503, 1060, 1092, 1094; name 1127 Carchost see Towers of the Teeth Cardolan 1039-41 Carl, son of Cottar 1105 Carn Daim 143, 146, 1051 Carnen (Redwater) 1072, 1095 Carnimirié 483, 484 Carrock 1063, 1129; Ford of 228 Castamir the Usurper 1038, 1047, 1048, 1086 Causeway 750, 807, 883; Forts of (Guard-towers) 750, 807, 817, 818, 1093 Cave-troll 324 Celduin see River Running Celebdil the White (Silvertine, Zirakzigil, Zirak) 282-3, 285, 333, 502, 949, 985; 1092 Celeborn the Wise (Lord of Lothlorien, Lord of the Galadhrim, etc.) 15-16, 347s 348, 350, 353-61 passim, 367, 368, 372-7 passim, 442, 467, 972, 976; 9795 981, 982, 985, 1063, 1082, 1085, 1094, 1095, 1096; one of the Great Ones 979 THE LORD OF THE RINGS Celebrant, river (Silverlode, Kibil-nala) [silver-course] 274, 283, 322, 334-5, 338, 341, 346-7, 350, 356, 371-2; 3775 383, 388, 1064, 1073 Celebrant, Field of [plain between Silverlode and Limlight] 1045, 1064; see also Battle of the Field of Celebrant Celebrian 227, 375, 1043, 1085, 1087 Celebrimbor 242, 253, 306, 1083 Celebrindor 1038 Celepharn 1038 Celos 875 Cemendur 1038 Ceorl 527 Cerin Amroth 350-2, 1060, 1062, 1063, 1090 Certar see Cirth Certhas Daeron see Daeron’s Runes Chamber of Mazarbul [Records] 319-25 passim, 356 Chambers of Fire see Sammath Naur Chetwood 4, 149, 182, 185, 989; name 1135 Chief, the see Sackville-Baggins, Lotho Chief’s Men see Ruffians Chubb family 28, 29, 30 Chubb-Baggins, Falco 1100 Cirdan the Shipwright 240, 243, 266, 1030, 1039-42 passim, 1085 Ciril 790, 875; fords of 790 Cirion 678, 1039, 1053, 1064, IO7I Cirith Gorgor (Haunted Pass) 373, 636, 639, 886, 887, 891, 924, 933 Cirith Ungol [Pass of the Spider] (High Pass, Nameless Pass) 642-4 passim, 691, 692-3, 710, 71II, 723, 735, 812, 815, 943, 955, 1051, 1093; Cleft of 723, 733-4, 898; tower of 710, 713, 7255 733> 736 742, 897-916 passim, 920, 922, 925, 927, 10933 see also Straight Stair; Winding Stair Cirth see Runes Ciryandil 1038, 1045, 1085 Citadel of Gondor (High City) 751, 752-3, 760, 761, 762, 764, 767, 7715 772, 807, 808, 810, 814, 819, 820, 821, 824, 825, 827, 850, 851, 857, 858, 859, 861, 868, 958, 965, 968, 972, 10485 Citadel-gate 752, 810, 826, 827, 851, 855; Court (Place) of the Fountain 7525 753s 7585 971, 9723 Guards of see Guards of the Citadel; Hall of the Kings (of the Tower, Tower Hall) 248, 754, 806, 818, 861, 968; High Court 7523 see also White Tower Citadel of the Stars see Osgiliath

INDEX City, the see usually Minas Tirith City of the Galadhrim (City of the Trees) see Caras Galadhon Closed Door see Fen Hollen Cloudyhead see Fanuidhol Coldfells 1057 Combe 149, I51, 180, 181; name II35 Command, word of 327 Common Speech (Common Language, Common Tongue, Westron, etc.) 4, 50; 193; 3395 343, 3545s 359 4325 445, 499, 508, 510, 659, 768, 832, 924-6, 954, IIOQ—14 passim, I117, II20, II26—37 passim; names in 1134 Company of the Ring (Ring’s Company) 275, 276, 279-359 passim, 367-74 passim, 377-96 passim, 401, 402, 404, 414, 415, 419, 435, 436, 495, 496, 497, 569, 603, 604, 609, 663, 664, 668, 669, 677; 732, 759s 760; 7733 9555 1092; Companions of the Ring (Companions) 970, 974, 9753 Fellowship 14, 396, 668, 670, 970, 1030, 1092; Fellowship of the Ring 981, 1096, 1098; Nine Companions 872 Nine Walkers 275-6, 672, 1053, 1080 Cormallen, Field of 951-7 passim, 964, 1005, 1095 Corsairs of Umbar 765, 780, 846, 1047, 1048, 1053, 1055, 1066, 1086, 1088 Cotman, son of Cottar 1105 Cotman family 1138 Cottar, ancestor of Cottons 1105 Cotton family 1024; name 1138 Cotton, Bowman ‘Nick’ 934, 1007, I105 Cotton, Carl ‘Nibs’ 934, 939, 1008, II05 Cotton, Holman ‘Long Hom’ 1105 Cotton, Lily née Brown 1008, I105 Cotton, Marigold née Gamgee I105 Cotton, Rose ‘Rosie’ (/ater Rose Gamgee) 934, 939, 1008, 1014, 1024, 1026, 1029, 1031, 1096, 1097, II105 Cotton, Tolman “Tom’, the elder 934, 939, 1006-16 passim, I105 Cotton, Tolman “Tom’, the younger 1007, 1013, 1097, II05 Cotton, Wilcome ‘Jolly’ 934, 939, 1007, IOI2, II05 Cotton, Wilcome ‘Will’ 1105 Council, of Denethor 816 Council of Elrond (the Council) 13, 220, 238, 239-71, 272, 281, 369, 396, 398, 399, 472, 663, 664, 671, 732, 735, 1092 Council of the Wise see White Council 1149 Court of the Fountain see Citadel of Gondor Crack(s) of Doom (Fire of Doom, the Fire, gulf of Doom) 61, 62, 66, 267, 269, 402, 403, 624, 652, 682, 732, 939; 944, 945-6, 950, 1094; see also Sammath Naur Cram 369 Crebain 285; see also Birds, as spies Crickhollow 67, 68, 87, 100-2, 107, 108, 109, I18, 176, 177, 263, 264, 1000, 1024, 1025, IOgI Cross-roads (of the Fallen King) 641, 648, 699, 70I—3, 808, 883-6 passim, 897, 935, 1093 Crown of Gondor (Silver Crown, White Crown, winged crown, crown of Elendil) 244, 423, 671, 967-8, 1043, 1052, 1062 Crows see Birds, as spies Curtain, the see Henneth Annin Curunir see Saruman Daeron I9gI, I118 Daeron’s Runes (Certhas Daeron) 320, II18, 1123, 1126 Dagorlad (Battle Plain) 604, 625, 671, 799, 1049, 1086; see also Battle of Dagorlad Dain I 1072, 1079, 1087 Dain II ‘Ironfoot’ 229, 241-2, 343, 881, 1075-6, 1078, 1080, 1088, 1089, 1094, 1095 Dale II, 27, 29, 57, 228, 229, 231, 241, 321, 369, 431, 1072, 1078, 1080, 1089, 1090, 1094, 1095, I118, I129, 11353 calendar of 1110; language of 1130, 1136; Men of (Bardings) 229, 369, 431, 11293 see also Battle of Dale; Battle of Five Armies Damrod 659, 660, 661, 668, 669, 672, 673 Dark Days 343 Dark Door see Door of the Dead Dark Lord see Sauron Dark Power see Sauron Dark Power (of the North) see Morgoth Dark Tower see Barad-dtar Dark Years 430, 723, 750, 782, 795; 7975 831, 876, IO7I, 1129, I13I Darkness (of Mordor, of the Storm of Mordor) 251, 677, 698-700, 772, 790, 800, 801, 803, 808, 812, 817, 833, 851, 874, 976, 1093; Darkness Unescapable 962; Dawnless Day 1093 Days of Dearth 5

II50 Dead, the (Dead Men of Dunharrow, forgotten people, Grey Host, Shadow Host, Sleepless Dead, etc.) 503, 781, 782, 787-90; 797, 798, 874-7, 1129; King of 789, 790, 875, 876-7; Men of the Mountains 782; Oathbreakers 781, 789; see also Door of the Dead; Paths of the Dead Dead City see Minas Morgul Dead Marshes 253, 373, 603, 609, 6II, 619, 620, 625-31, 6355 643, 667, 687, 700, 886, 1049, 1086, 1090, 1093; Mere of Dead Faces 627-8, 631 Deadmen’s Dike see Fornost Déagol 53, 55, 56, 1087; name 1130, 1136 Death Down 553, 777 Deeping Wall (the Wall) 528-39 passim Deeping-coomb (the Coomb) 529, 530, 5345 541, 546, 548, 549, 550, 553, 5975 600, 775s 777s 7793 7825 978, 1066 Deeping-stream 528, 536, 537; 543, 546 Denethor I 1039, 1053 Denethor I, son of Ecthelion II (Lord and Steward of Gondor, Minas Tirith, the City, the Tower of Guard, the White Tower, Steward of the High King, etc.) 246, 248, 252, 253, 402, 414, 417, 434, 510, 600, 658, 659, 665, 666, 668, 670, 671, 678, 690, 749, 751; 753-67 passim, 7715 7725 798-95 804-27 passim, 835, 850, 851, 852-6, 861, 862, 864, 870, 878, 892, 897, 958, 1039, 1053, 1055-7, 1089, 1090, 1093, III6, 1133; name 1128 Déor 977, 1068 Déorwine 844, 849 Derndingle 478, 484 Dernhelm see Eowyn Derufin 770, 849 Dervorin 770 Desolation of Smaug 229 Desolation of the Morannon 1093 Dimholt 786, 795, 797 Dimrill Dale (Azanulbizar, Nanduhirion) 283, 310, 318, 321, 322, 331, 341, 370, 1054, IO7I—6 passim; see also Battle of Nanduhirion Dimrill Gate see Moria Dimrill Stair 283, 333, 343, 985 Dior, steward 1039 Dior, Thingol’s heir 194, 243, 1034 Dirhael 1057 Dis 1072, 1076, 1079, 1080 Dol Amroth 750, 788, 878, 965, 1056, 1059, 1129; banner of 771, 820, 821, THE LORD OF THE RINGS 843, 871, 891, 953; men of 891, 8923 swan-knights of 820, 821, 828, 848, 882; silver swan, emblem 843, 891; white ship and silver swan, emblems 771; [combined as ship with swanshaped prow] 871, 9533 see also Adrahil; Finduilas; Imrahil, Prince of Dol Amroth; Lothiriel Dol Baran 589, 982, 1093 Dol Guldur 250, 256, 257, 268, 296, 352, 644, 723, 1053, 1064, 1077, 1078, 1085, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1094, 1095 Dome of Stars see Osgiliath Dominion of Men 971, 1082 Doom, Mount see Mount Doom Doom of Men see Gift of Men Door of the Dead (Dark Door, Door to the Paths of the Dead, Door, Forbidden Door) 781, 785, 786, 797; 1087; see also Dead, the; Paths of the Dead Dori 229, 1079 Doriath (Kingdom of Thingol) 193, 243, 723, 1034, III8, 1128; Elvenhome 192 Dorthonion (Orod-na-Th6én) 469 Downlands see Barrow-downs Downs (in Rohan) 427-31 passim, 437, 4475 969 Dragons 24, 44, 51, 61, 62, 63, 87, 81, 104, 303, 358, 359, 738, 747, 1065, 1072, 1084, 1087; see also Ancalagon the Black; Scatha the Worm; Smaug Druadan Forest 830, 831, 832, 976, 1093, 1127, 1129 Drums, in Moria 322-32 passim; of the Wild Men (Woses) 830, 831, 835, 976 Duilin 770, 849 Duinhir 770 Dunedain (Men of the West) in Second Age and Third Age 1128-30; in Third Age: of Arnor (of the North, Rangers), excluding those who joined Aragorn in the South 4, 5, 6, 8, 149, I5I, 156, 182, 187, 189, 190, 221, 227, 246, 248, 251, 2725 274 533, 597» 7565 967, 993; 1039-44 passim, 1057, 1089, 1090, I0g1; those of the North who joined Aragorn in the South 503, 775-90 passim, 844, 848, 876, 882, 883, 891, 948, 966, 1093; Chieftains of the Dunedain 1043; Dunedain of Cardolan 1040, 1041; Dunedain of Gondor (of the South, of Ithilien, Rangers) 656, 657, 659, 660, 663, 665, 668, 672, 674-6, 681, 688, 729, 795, 1044-50 passim; calendar of see Kings’

INDEX Reckoning; see also Numenoreans; Star of the Dunedain Dunharrow (Hold) 518, 523, 539, 589, 777s 779s 7825 783, 786, 788, 792-803 passim, 831, 841, 867, 870, 874, 8775 878, 1067, 1069, 1093, III7, 1129; name 1136; Stair of the Hold 797 Dunharrow, Dead Men of see Dead, the Dunhere 793, 796, 849 Dunland 3, 265, 285, 527, 533, 968, 982, 984, 1066, 1073, 1076, 1085, 1086, 1127; language of 536—7, I130; men of see Dunlendings; name 1130; Dunland fells 533 Dunlendings (Men of Dunland, Dunlendish people, wild hillmen and herdfolk) 527, 529, 533, 5345 535» 5365 540, $42, 545, 777, 982, 1066-9 passim, 1127, 1129; name 1130 Durin I, ‘the Deathless’ 315-17, 547, IO7I, 1074, 1079; emblem of [seven stars above a crown and anvil, had eight rays, represented the Plough] 304, 847; heirs, House of 1071, 1076, 1077, 1079, 1083 Durin III 1076; Doors of see Moria Durin VI 1071-2, 1079, 1087 Durin VII & Last 1079 Durin’s Axe 322 Durin’s Bane see Balrog Durin’s Bridge see Moria Durin’s Crown 316, 334 Durin’s Day 316, 350 Durin’s Folk, race see Dwarves Durin’s Stone 334 Durin’s Tower 502 Durthang 928, 932, 1094 Dwalin 229, 1077, 1079 Dwarrowdelf see Moria Dwarves I, 2, 3, 7, 8, II, 24, 25, 26, 355 43> 54, 61, 149, ISI, 153, 154, 155, 161, 190, 228, 229, 231, 255, 270, 275, 283, 292, 296-7, 303, 304, 315; 317; 320, 3295 341, 343, 347, 356, 359 376, 3795 420, 429, 438, 464, 501, 524, 534, 535> 547, 616, 670, 728, 876, 978, 1039, 1064, 1065, 1071-88 passim, 1132-3, 1137; Durin’s Folk (people, children, race) 240, 316, 355, 501, 548, 1033, I07I—80, 1087; Khazad 534, 5353 Longbeards 1071; Naugrim 1137; Seven Fathers of 1071; in The Hobbit II, 13, 40, 206, 208, 228; dwarf-doors, gates 304, 306; Dwarf-kings, lords, sires 50, 51, 241, see also names of individual kings, e.g. Durin; dwarves vs. IISI dwarfs 1136; language of (Dwarvish, Khuzdul) 285, 307, 320, 535, 1114, 1126, I132—4; names III7, 1133, 1136, 11373 relationship with Elves 255, 3033 writing II7—18, 1124-6 Dwarves of Erebor (Folk of, or under the Mountain) 229, 240, 968, 1072, 1079, 1095, 1126; see also Erebor Dwarves of Moria 240, 321, 1079, I126; see also Moria Dwarves of the Iron Hills 1078 Dwarvish see Dwarves: language of Dwimmerlaik [in Rohan, work of necromancy, spectre; cf. dwimmercrafty 437] 841 Dwimorberg, the Haunted Mountain 785, 786, 794-7 passim; see also Door of the Dead; Paths of the Dead Dwimordene see Lothlorien Eagles 261, 274, 296, 385, 423, 495, 893; 948, 963; see also Gwaihir the Windlord; Landroval; Meneldor Earendil, king of Gondor 1038 Earendil the Mariner 194, 233-6, 237, 243, 712, 720, 1034; the star 361, 365, 376, 1034, 1035; the Flammifer of Westernesse 236 Earendur 1038, 1039, 1085 Earnil I 1038, 1044, 1045, 1085 Earnil II 1039, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, 1056, 1063, 1086 Earnur 670, 678, 967, 1039, I050-2, 1056, 1070, 1086, 1087 East, far (Eastlands) 639, 765 East Dales, of Rohan 545 East-gate, of Moria see Moria East Lorien 1094 East March, of the Shire 9 East Wall see Emyn Muil East—West Road (East Road, Old Road, the Road, etc.) 43, 66, 67, 71, 84, 107; 109, I13, I14, 133, 136, 137, 138, 146-52 passim, 163, 172, 173, 180, I8I—213 passim, 231, 264, 281, 996, I000, IOOI, IOI5, 1031; Great Road 1039, 1040 Eastemnet 427, 505 Easterlings (folk of the East) 245, 400-1, 678, 846, 848, 883, 885, 891, 949, 9575 968, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1049, 1068, 1085, 1087, 1095 Eastfarthing 6, 9, 71, 88, 108, 150, 213, IIIO Eastfold 801, 1092 Ecthelion I 1039, 1088, I116

1152 Ecthelion II (Lord of Gondor) 1039, I055, 1060, 1090; see also Denethor II, son of Ecthelion II Edain (Atani, Fathers of the Numenoreans) 678, 679, 1034-5; 1045, 1083, III7, 1128-9; Three Houses of Men (of Elf-friends) 678; First House of 1034; Third House of 1034; forefathers of 1041; unions of Eldar and Edain 1034; see also Numenoreans Edoras 261, 439, 500, 505-8 passim, 511, 520, 522, 523, 526, 527; 539, 5445 5495 551; 556, 589, 600, 747, 7735 7773 7785 782, 791, 7925 7935 802, 803, 804, 817; 976, 978, 979, 1064-70 passim, 1088, IOQI—5 passim, 1098; name 1136; see also Meduseld Egalmoth 1039 Eilenach 747, 830; name 1129 Elanor, flower 350, 351; 3525 371; 373, 1026, 1060, 1063 Elbereth (Gilthoniel) 79, 84, 195, 198, 214, 236, 238, 378, 387, 729, 912, 913, 915, 1028; Varda, the Kindler, the Queen of Stars 377, 378 [Elbereth, star-queen; Queen of the Stars (Elentart); Gilthoniel (= Tintallé), starkindler: title only found following her name; called (in Quenya) Varda, the exalted] Eldacar, of Anor 1038 Eldacar, of Gondor (Vinitharya) 1038, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1064, 1086 Eldamar (Ever-eve, Evereven) 235, 236, 372, 597, 1128 Eldar (High Elves, of the High Kindred, West-elves), unless specifically or clearly Noldor 7, 79, 222, 304, 348, 1029, 1033-9 passim, 1058, 1059, 1063, 1065, IO7I, IO8I—5 passim, I107, II0g, IIIO, IIII, III4, 1115, I117—18, 1127-31 passim, 1134, 1137-8; People of the Great Journey 1137; People of the Stars 1137; Noldor (Elves of the West, the Elven-wise, Lords of the Eldar, Exiles) [followers of Féanor] 80, 193, 222, 283-4, 597, 1034, 1082, 1083, III7, I118, 1123, 1126, 1128, 1137; kings of 1082, see also Elves of Eregion; Sindar (Grey-elves) 1082, 1083, III7, 1128, 1137; tree, as emblem 304, 305; unions of Eldar and Edain 1034; Eldar and ‘twilight’ 1111 Eldarin languages see Elvish languages Eldarion 1062, 1063 THE LORD OF THE RINGS Elder Days 2, I5, 16, 149, I9I, 236, 243, 2595 275, 306, 310, 319, 349, 350, 356, 442, 500, 678, 1039, 1058, 1062, IO7I, 1082, 1127, II3I, I132, 1137 Elder Kindred, People, Race see Elves Elder King (Manwé) 235 Eldest of Trees see Telperion Elendil [elf-friend or star-lover] of Westernesse (the tall) 9, 15, 52, 56, 185, 201, 242-8 passim, 252, 368, 3755 393, 433, 436, 437, 510, 511, 594, 5975 599, 641, 663, 664, 678, 753, 964, 967; 1036-9 passim, 1042, 1045, 1047, 1049, 1050, 1059, IO61, 1084, 1129; crown of see Crown of Gondor; Elendil’s Stone see Palantir; emblems of [Seven Stars of Elendil and his captains, had five rays, originally represented the single stars on the banners of each of seven ships (of 9) that bore a palantir; in Gondor the seven stars were set about a whiteflowered tree, over which the Kings set a winged crown] 276, 597, 753 8475 861, 953, 968, 1053; heirs, House, line of 201, 247, 375; 670, 861, 972, see also Aragorn IJ; livery of the heirs of 753; name I128; name used as battle-cry 331, 413, 537; realms of 1050; star of see Elendilmir; sword of see Narsil Elendilmir (Star of Elendil, Star of the North Kingdom, Star of the North) [of diamond, had five rays, represented the Star of Eaérendil] 146, 848, 861, 966, 967, 1043 Elendur 1038 Elenna, Isle of see Numenor Elessar (Aragorn) see Aragorn IT Elessar (Elfstone, jewel) 234, 237, 3755 862, 863, 889, 966, 982 Elf-country see Lothlorien Elf-friend, epithet applied to Aragorn 343; Beren 271; Elendil 191; Frodo 81, 85, 124, 270; Hador 271, 678; Hurin 271; Turin 271; Elf-friends of Numenor 1129; Three Houses of the Elf-friends 1128 Elf-kin, lords, magic, etc. see Elves Elf-towers see White Towers Elfhelm 551, 830, 831, 835, 836, 837, 839, 882, 966 Elfhild 1070 Elfstone see Aragorn II; Elessar (jewel) Elfwine the Fair 1070 Elladan, son of Elrond 15, 227, 233, 2735 274) 775. 779s 778 7815 782, 786, 788,

INDEX 848, 861, 871, 878, 882, 883, 888, 891, 954, 970, 972, 976, 978, 1035, 1043, 1057, 1058, 1085, 1094, 1095 Elrohir, son of Elrond 15, 227, 233, 2735 2745 775. 779s 7785 7815 782, 789; 848, 861, 871, 878, 880, 882, 883, 888, 891, 954, 970, 972, 976, 978, 1035, 1043, 1057, 1058, 1085, 1094, 1095 Elrond the Halfelven (Lord of Rivendell) 15, 66, 170, I9I, 194, 202, 210, 219-81 passim, 290, 298, 303, 3435 355s 3635 365, 369, 378, 398, 402, 441, 442, 444, 4725 567; 598, 652, 664, 679, 694, 708, 7295 735> 775s 7785 781; 7825 8475 8595 861, 863, 871, 878, 880, 882, 883, 888, 891, 9545 9705 972; 9745 976, 978, 985; 986, 988, 1028, 1029, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1042, 1043, 1057-62 passim, 1082, 1083, 1085, 1086, 1089, 1090, 1094, 1095, 1096, I112; Council of see Council of Elrond; house of see Rivendell; household of 240, 281, 276, 972; 974; 988; sons of see Elladan; Elrohir Elros Tar-Minyatur 1034, 1035, 1083 Elven Door see Moria Elven-cloaks, folk, etc. see Elves Elven-king’s halls, Mirkwood 255, 547 Elven-rings see Rings of Power Elven-river see Esgalduin Elven-smiths, in First Age 310; of Eregion 47, 242, 254, 1076, 10833 at Rivendell 276, 277 Elven-tongue(s) see Elvish languages Elven-way, from Hollin 300, 301, 303 Elvendom [Elvish world, mode of being] 352 Elvenhome 235, 676, 679, 956, 10583 see also Doriath Elves (Firstborn, Elder Kindred, Elder People, Elder Race, Elvish or Elven folk, kin, etc.) 2-7 passim, 24, 43, 45, 525 545 59, 63, 64, 66, 73, 78-87 passim, 90, 105, 106, 131, 132, 1455 149, 172, 186, I90-I, 193, 200, 209, 221-7 passim, 235, 238, 243, 244, 246, 255, 259, 266-72 passim, 275, 281, 283, 291, 292, 297; 303, 317; 338, 341; 346-9, 353-60 passim, 365, 369-73 passim, 376, 383, 398, 400, 420, 432, 438, 442, 459, 464, 465, 468, 472, 473, 475, 476, 486, 499, 511, 5135 5475 570s 613, 616, 617, 628, 652, 657, 670, 673, 677, 679, 680, 686, 692, 720, 721, 7235 728, 729, 873, 906, 9II, 912, 915, 933, 936, 971, 982, 987, 1030, 1034, 1040, 1042, I050, 1084, IO9I, 1094, 11373 1153 Elves as name of Quendi 1137; Fair Folk 45, 66, 80, 874; boats of 371-3, 377-95 passim, 405-6, 416-19 passim, 666, 667; brooches made by 370, 424, 437> 450, 458, 564, 666, 889, 918, 1025; cloaks, robes of 370, 371, 386, 416, 424, 427, 438, 457, 489, 493, 5135 556, 625, 644, 666, 707, 725, 731, 807, 862, 889, 912, 913, 918, 933, 937, 9385 954, 1025, 1094; calendar of 1107-12 passim; Elf-kings 50, 191; Elf-lords 51, 194, 268; Elf-minstrels 230, 1058; languages of see Elvish languages; Elven-lore 50, 679; Elf-magic 361, 362, 363; and memory 378-9; and moonlight, sunlight 351; names 1127, 1128; New Year I112; relationship with Dwarves 255, 3033 riding elf-fashion 439, 596; rope made by 371, 608-11, 617-18, 938; sea-longing of 873; seasons of 1107; Elvish sight 427, 430, 526; Elvish sleep and dreams 429; ability to run over snow 292; Elvensong 238, 377; experience of time 388, 1107; Wandering Companies 84-5; writing see Elvish writing; see also Eldar (High Elves); Elves of Eregion; Elves of Lothlorien; Elves of Mirkwood; Silvan Elves (Wood-elves); Last Alliance of Elves and Men Elves of Eregion 282, 283-4, 303, 1082, 1083, 1126; see also Elven-smiths Elves of Lothlorien 341, 377; Galadhrim (Tree-people) 341, 350, 351; 353, 3565 357> 359 370, 3745 375, 376; Silvan Elves of Lorien 1087; City of the Galadhrim see Caras Galadhon Elves of Mirkwood (Northern Elves, Folk of the Wood) 253, 255, 272-3, 339, 342, 355, 968 Elvish country see Lindon; Lothlorien Elvish languages (Elven, Elvish language, speech, tongue), general or unspecified and uncertain 15, 82, 307, 465, 477; 478, 486, I114, I118, 1127-8, I129, 1134, 1135; Eldarin languages (Quenya and Sindarin) 1036, 1113-18 passim, II2I, 1127-8, 1131, 1137; Silvan (woodland) tongue, accent 339, 342, 1127; see also Quenya (High-elven); Sindarin (Grey-elven); Valinorean Elvish writing (lettering, script) 50, 253, 306, 321, 322; Féanorian letters (script) II16, III8, II120, 1122, 1126; mode of Beleriand 3053 see also Runes; Tengwar

1154 Elwing the White 194, 234, 243, 1034 Emyn Arnen 750, 969 Emyn Beraid see Tower Hills Emyn Muil 373, 380, 385, 389, 390, 392, 402, 407, 421, 423-4, 427, 428, 495, 497, 500, 506, 563, 603-19, 650, 669, 724, 7595 886, 944, 971, 1046, 1049, 1070, 1092; East Wall of Rohan [the western cliffs of Emyn Muil] 432, 437 Emyn Uial see Evendim, Hills of Encircling Mountains 948 End, the 251 Endless Stair 502 Enedwaith 1089 Enemy, the see Morgoth; Sauron Ent-draughts 471, 478, 561-2, 574, 956, 981 Ent-house(s) 471, 482, 483, 484 Entish see Ents: language of Entmoot (Moot) 478, 481-5, 564, 1092, 1093 Ents 442, 464, 465, 468, 472-87 passim, 499-500, 544, 549, 558, 561-74 passim, 577, 582, 585-8 passim, 9555 978-81 passim, 996, 1093, II30—I; Onodrim (Enyd) 442, 499, I1303 shepherds of the trees 468, 499, 5493 Entings 475, 478, 981; Entmaidens 475; Entwives 472, 475, 476, 483, 486, 586, 982; language of (Entish) 465, 473> 477s 478, 480, 486, 1130-1; remembered in song or tales for children 476, 477-8, 499, 549-503 Shadow of the Wood 580 Entwade 435, 439 Entwash 373, 421, 427-30 passim, 436, 450, 456, 458, 468-71 passim, 490, 505, 507, 569, 667, 804, 1067; vale of 389, 424 Entwood see Fangorn Forest Eomer, son of Eomund (Eomer Eadig, Third Marshal of Riddermark or the Mark, later King Eomer, King of the Mark) 432-9 passim, 443, 459, 509, 513-38 passim, 543, 544, 550, 551, 5565 577> 579-80; 595 774s 777-85 7795 7855 792, 795-8 passim, 801, 802, 804, 807, 830-8 passim, 843-9 passim, 856, 861, 862, 863, 866, 867, 868, 873, 879-82 passim, 888, 955, 960, 964, 965, 966, 969, 974-8 passim, 1070-1, 1090, 1092, 1095, 1097, 1098 Eomund 438, 1070; see also Eomer, son of Eomund; Eowyn, daughter of Eomund THE LORD OF THE RINGS Eored [a troop of Riders of Rohan] 435, 437, 830, 836, 837, 838, 975 Eorl the Young (lord of the Men of the Eothéod, King of the Mark) 431, 435, 436, 508, 512, 516, 537; 549, 969, 976, 977> 978, 1053, 1063-5, 1068, 1071, 1087; House of [dynasty] 519, 522, 5235 579, 580, 784, 785, 797; 868; house of [hall] 600; house of [both], i.e. hall and dynasty 581, 867; lords of the House of see Théoden: household of; Oath of 1053, 1054, 1071; Sons of Eorl (Eorlingas) see Rohirrim Eothain 434-5, 439 Eothéod 1063, 1065, 1087 Eowyn, daughter of Eomund (Lady of Rohan, /ater of Ithilien, the White Lady of Rohan) 512, 515, 520-5 passim, 7775 782-5, 795, 796-7, 801, 802, 841-5 passim, 858—70 passim, 874, 958-66 passim, 969, 977, 978, 1070, 1090, 1095, 10973 disguised as Dernhelm 803, 804, 830, 836-41 passim, 978; Lady of the Shield-arm 1070 Ephel Duath (Mountains of Shadow, Shadowy Mountains, Haunted Mountains, fences, walls of Mordor) 244, 251, 288, 401, 631, 636, 639, 641, 642, 649, 650, 651, 659, 692, 697, 699, 703, 708-10, 717, 7235 730, 731; 736, 7645 801, 884, 885, 899, go0o-I, 916, 918, 919, 922, 927; 941; 971; 1055; 1127 Eradan 1039 Erebor (Lonely Mountain, site of Dwarfkingdom) II, 27, 74, 228, 229, 240, 280, 343, 376, 522, 872, 878, 881, 968, 981, 1072, 1073, 1077-80 passim, 1087, 1088, 1090, 1094, 1095, 1126; Folk of see Dwarves of Erebor; gate of 1080, 1095; Great Hall of 1072; key of 1088; Kingdom of Dain 1072; Kings under the Mountain 11 Erech 782, 874, 1093; name 1129; Hill of 782, 789; Stone of see Stone of Erech Ered Lithui (Ashen Mountains) 625, 631, 636, 637, 639, 891, 923, 927, 933, 1045; mountain-walls of Mordor 625, 631 Ered Luin see Blue Mountains Ered Mithrin 1064 Ered Nimrais see White Mountains Eregion (Hollin) 47, 242, 253, 254, 282-6 passim, 301, 303, 306, 985, 1039, I07I, 1082-3, 1092, I118, 1126; elven-script of 253; Elves of see Elves:

INDEX of Eregion; road from, to Moria 300, 301, 303; see also Elven-smiths Erelas 747, 805 Eresséa 244, 956, 1042, 1082, 1116; Isles of the West 1060; Lost Isle 956; Haven of the Eldar in 1035 Erestor 240, 265, 267, 269, 972 Eriador 3, 4, 15, 174, 1039, 1041, 1043, 1054, IO61, 1076, 1077, 1080, 1083-8 passim, I107, 1127, I130 Erkenbrand, lord of Westfold 523, 529, 539 531; 541, 543, 545, 551, 1093 Erling, son of Holman ‘the greenhanded’ II05 Errand-riders of Gondor 748, 751, 762, 7655 798, 802, 835 Erui 875; Crossings of 1047, 1086; see also Battle of the Crossings of Erui Esgalduin (Elven-river) 191, 193 Esgaroth (Long Lake) 30, 57, 229, 1078, 1089, 1129; language of 1129; Men of 1129 Ethir Anduin see Anduin: mouths of Ettendales 203 Ettenmoors 200, 264, 274, 1040, 1086 Evendim, Hills of (Emyn Uial) 1051 Evendim, Lake (Nenuial) 244, 993, 1044, IOS5I, 1097, IIII Evenstar see Arwen Ever-eve (Evereven) see Eldamar Everholt, great boar of 1069 Evermind see Simbelmyné Evernight 235 Everwhite, Mount see Oiolossé Exiles see Elves: Noldor; Numenoreans Express train, as analogy 28 Eye, the (of Barad-duir, of Mordor, of Sauron, Great Eye, Lidless Eye, Red Eye, etc.) 364, 365, 366, 401, 446, 452, 499, 564, 589, 605, 625, 630, 631, 632, 642, 738, 879, 880, 885, 898, 936, 942, 946; Red Eye (Evil Eye, the Eye), as emblem 416, 451, 821, 888, 903, 913, 9243 sometimes used as a synonym for Sauron Faces, so called by Gollum, see Moon; Sun Fair Folk see Elves Fairbairn, Elfstan 1097 Fairbairns of Westmarch (of the Towers) 14, 1097, I105 Faithful, the see Numenoreans Falastur 1044, 1085 Fall of Gil-galad, The 186 1155 Fallohides 3—4, 6, 1085, 1130; names 1135 Fang, Farmer Maggot’s dog 92, 93 Fangorn, the Ent see Treebeard Fangorn Forest (Entwood) 285, 373-4, 381, 421, 427, 428, 429, 437, 438, 440-3 passim, 450-9 passim, 461-500, 504, 547, 548, 5495 553, 560, 563, 564, 565, 585, 586, 588, 779, 978, 981, 1092; name (Fangorn) 1131; East End 468 Fanuidhol the Grey (Bundushathtr, Shathtar, Cloudyhead) 282, 283, 333, 985 Far Downs 4, 5, 1030, 1097, IIO5 Faramir, son of Denethor (Captain of Gondor, of the White Tower, Lord, later Steward of Gondor, of the City, etc.) 15, 245, 246, 657-96 passim, 707, 708, 711, 722, 726, 755, 759s 765, 7665 772, 808-27 passim, 850, 852-7, 860-6 passim, 870, 884, 885, 914, 922, 937, 959-69 passim, 974-8 passim, 1056, 1057, 1090, 1092, 1093; Lord of Emyn Arnen 1039; Prince of Ithilien 969, 976, 977 Faramir, son of Ondoher 1049 Farin 1079 Farthings 9, 99, 2323 see also Eastfarthing; Northfarthing; Southfarthing; Westfarthing Fastred, killed in Battle of the Pelennor Fields 849 Fastred, of Greenholm 1097, I105 Fastred, son of Folcwine 1054, 1069, 1088 Fatty Lumpkin 144, 145, 146, 148, 179 Féanor 304, 597, 598, 1033-4, 1083, III6, 1117; letters see Elvish writing; Star of the House of Féanor [of silver, had eight rays] 304; see also Eldar Felagund see Finrod Felagund Felarof (Mansbane) 435, 508, 1065, 1068 Fell Winter 177, 288, 1089 Fellowship of the Ring (Fellowship) see Company of the Ring Fen Hollen (Closed Door, the Steward’s Door) 826, 827, 851, 855 Fengel 977, 1069 Fenmarch 803, 804 Ferny, surname 155 Ferny, Bill (Chief’s Big Man) 160, 165, 173-4, 179, 180-1, 182, 199, 204, 221, 990; 992; 994; 999, 1004 Ferry see Bucklebury Ferry Ferry lane 96, 98

1156 Fili 1076, 1078, 1079 Fimbrethil (Wandlimb) [Slim-birch] 475, 476, 486; name I131 Finarfin 1128, 1137 Findegil, King’s writer 14, 15 Finduilas of Dol Amroth 961, 1056, 1089, 1090 Finglas see Leaflock Finrod Felagund (Friend-of-Men) 1042, 1082, 1128; House of 80 Fire- (Fiery) Mountain see Mount Doom Firefoot 524 Fireworks 24, 25, 27-8, 360, 361 Firiel 1049, 1086 Firien Wood (Firienwood) 803, 1069; alluded to 804 Firienfeld 794, 795 First Age 1033, 1034, IO4I, IO7I, 1082, IIO7, 1118, 1128, 1129 Firstborn see Elves Fish and chips 655 Fladrif see Skinbark Flet (talan) 342-3, 344; 345, 346, 351; 3545 383, 388 Floating Log, The 1oo1 Fl6éi 321 Flourdumpling see Whitfoot, Will Folca 977, 1069 Folcred 1054, 1069, 1088 Folcwine 977, 1054, 1067, 1069, 1088 Folde 803, 804 Folklands 9 Forbidden Door see Door of the Dead Forest River 367 Forlond see Grey Havens Forlong the Fat, Lord of Lossarnach 770, 846, 849; name 1129 Fornost (Fornost Erain, Norbury of the Kings, Deadmen’s Dike, north-city) 4, 59 95 244, 781, 993, 1040, 1041, 1051, 1086; last battle at see Battle of Fornost Forochel 1041; see also Lossoth Forochel, Bay of 1086, 1127 Forochel, Cape of 1041 Forodwaith 1041 Forsaken Inn, The 187 Fourth Age 14, 1033, 1082, 1096, III2 Fox, thinking 72 Fram 1064, 1065 Frar 322 Fréa 977, 1068 Fréalaf Hildeson 977, 1067, 1068, 1088 Fréawine 977, 1065, 1068 Freca 1065, 1066 Free Fair 10, 1025 THE LORD OF THE RINGS Free Peoples (of the World, Free Folk) 265, 275, 281, 464, 954 Frerin 1072, 1074, 1079 Frogmorton 1001, 1002, 1003, 1096 Fror 1072, 1079 Frumgar 1064, 1097 Fundin 1074, 1075; see also Balin, son of Fundin Gaffer, the see Gamgee, Hamfast Galadhrim see Elves of Lothlorien Galadriel (Lady of Lorien, of Lothlorien, of the Elves, of the Galadhrim, of the Golden Wood, of the Wood, the Lady, Elvish Lady, etc.) 15, 343, 347-78 passim, 387, 388, 426, 427, 432, 437; 438, 439, 472, 496, 502, 503, 510, 514, 5245 567, 611, 666, 679-80, 708, 712; 720; 729, 731, 733, 776; 862, 875, 902, 912, 915, 918, 920, 926, 938, 945, 9525 9725 975s 9765 979 981, 982, 983, 985, 1022, 1023, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1060, 1063, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1085, 1094, 1096, 1128; Lady that dies not 667; Mistress of Magic 667; Queen Galadriel 547; Sorceress of the Golden Wood 514; White Lady 679; gift of sheath for Anduril to Aragorn 374, 5113 gift of belt to Boromir 375, 416, 666-7; gift of hair to Gimli 376, 378, 382, 503; gift of bow and arrows to Legolas 375, 387, 498, 510; gift of belts to Merry and Pippin 375; gift of box to Sam 375, 938, 952, 1022-3, 1028; magic of 362; Mirror of see Mirror of Galadriel; Phial of see Phial of Galadriel Galathilion [the Tree of the High Elves, which was derived from the elder of the Two Trees of the Valar, Telperion and Laurelin] 971 Galdor 240, 249-50, 254, 256, 266, 267 Galenas see Pipe-weed Gamgee family 69, 1105, 1137; name 1138 Gamgee, Bell née Goodchild 1105 Gamgee, Bilbo 1105 Gamgee, Daisy, daughter of Hamfast 1105 Gamgee, Daisy, daughter of Samwise II05 Gamgee, Elanor 1026, 1029, 1031, 1044, 1096, 1097, II05 Gamgee, Frodo 1029, II05 Gamgee, Halfast 44, 45, 1105 Gamgee, Halfred, of Overhill 1105 Gamgee, Halfred, son of Hamfast 1105

INDEX Gamgee, Hamfast (the Gaffer, Old Gamgee) 22-4, 26, 38, 63, 69-70, 75-6, 263, 361, 363, 366, 608, 611, 623, 624, 637, 657, 680, 700, 934, 995; IOII, IOI4, 1022, 1024, 1026, 1091, 1105; Ranugad (Ran) 1136; name 1136; and potatoes (taters) 22, 24, 654, IOI4 Gamgee, Hamfast, son of Samwise I105 Gamgee, Hamson I105 Gamgee, Hobson ‘Roper’ 611, I105 Gamgee, Marigold 934, 1105 Gamgee, May 1105 Gamgee, Merry 1029, I105 Gamgee, Pippin 1029, 1105 Gamgee, Primrose 1105 Gamgee, Robin 1105 Gamgee, Rose, daughter of Samwise 1029, IIO5 Gamgee, Rose, wife of Samwise see Cotton, Rose Gamgee, Ruby 1105 Gamgee, Samwise (Sam, Hamfast’s Son, Master Samwise, Sam Gardner, etc.) 13, 14, 22, 24, 44-7 passim, 50, 58, 61-214 passim, 219, 220, 223-7 passim, 230, 231, 233, 237, 238, 239, 271-407 passim, 413, 414, 419, 439, 472, 482, 490, 496, 571, 590, 603-742 passim, 792, 796, 811-12, 815, 889, 897-947 passim, 950-7 passim, 966, 970; 975; 982-1031 passim, 1044, 1090-9 passim, II03, II105, 1107, 1112, 1138; Banazir 1136; Berhael 953; name 1136 Gamgee, Tolman ‘Tom’ 1105 Gamling the Old 530, 531, 535, 536, 538, 543 Gammidge, Hob ‘the Roper’, ‘Old Gammidgy’ I105 Gammidge, Rowan I105 Gamwich I105 Gamwich, Wiseman I105 Gandalf the Grey (Mithrandir, Greyhame, Grey Pilgrim, Grey Wanderer, Gandalf the White, the Wise, White Rider, Leader of the Company, etc.) 9, II, 13, 24-7 passim, 32-6 passim, 39-69 passim, 74, 75, 765 83, 84, 87, 103, 105-9 passim, 132-3, I40, I4I, I5I1, 166-74 passim, 183, 186-9 passim, 191, 195, 198, 199, 206-I0 passim, 219-32 passim, 238, 239, 247-72 passim, 275-336 passim, 355-68 passim, 393, 396, 397, 402, 414, 416, 435, 437) 441, 444, 453, 465-7, 472, 492-529 passim, 539-60 passim, §63, 567; 570, 572-600 passim, II57 615, 640, 644, 647, 670-1, 677, 679, 682, 685-6, 687, 693, 700, 708, 732, 747-61 passim, 765-8 passim, 772, 7735 776, 780; 793, 796, 799, 806-29 passim, 843, 850-9 passim, 862-73 passim, 877-85 passim, 888-92 passim, 934; 947-56 passim, 966, 968, 970-1, 975s 979-80, 983-96 passim, 1018, 1030, 1055—6, 1060, 1069, 1077-8, 1080, 1085-93 passim, 1096, 11333 Grey Fool 824, 853; Incanus, Olorin, Tharkan 670; Lathspell 513; Stormcrow 513, 750; voice of 401, 495 Gap of Rohan 258, 287, 296, 374, 437, 481, 505, 550, 678, 890, 982 Gardner family 1099, 1105 Gardner, Frodo 1105 Gardner, Holfast 1105 Gate of Kings see Argonath Gate of Mordor see Morannon Gate-stream see Sirannon Gates of Gondor see Argonath Ghan-buri-Ghan (Wild Man) 831-5, 836, 976 Ghash 327 Gift of Men (Doom of Men) 1035, 1061, 1063 Gildor Inglorion 80-6 passim, 105-6, 126, 132, 172, 210, 590, 1028, III3 Gil-galad 525 185-6, I9I, 243, 244, 253; 1034, 1036, 1037, 1082-5 passim Gilthoniel see Elbereth Gilraen 1057-61 passim, 1088, 1089, 1090, III3; name 1128 Gilrain 875 Gimli, son of Gloin (Durin’s son) 240, 276, 279-405 passim, 414-43 passim, 488-550 passim, 556-7, 560-4 passim, 5725 575-9 passim, 584, 585-6, 600, 658, 673, 773, 775-90 passim, 792, 796, 802, 848, 872-8 passim, 881, 883, 888, 954, 955 956, 970, 976, 978, 981; 1033, 1078-81 passim, 1098, 1132-33 Lockbearer 503; one of the Three Hunters 420, 491 Gladden Fields 52-3, 244, 254, 274, 1088, 1089; Disaster of 52, 243, 1038, 1085 Gladden River 274, 1041, 1053, 1063, 1074, 1127, 1129, 1130; sources of 274 Glamdring 280, 310, 323, 330, 5II, 993 Glanduin 1039 Gléowine 976 Glittering Caves of Aglarond 547-8, 600, 776, 955, 978; Lord of see Gimli

1158 Gloin, son of Groin 228-30, 239, 240-2, 249, 250, 255, 268, 269, 1076, 1079; see also Gimli, son of Gloin Gloin, son of Thorin I 1079 Glorfindel (Elf-lord) 209-14 passim, 220-7 passim, 239, 240, 265, 266, 267, 269, 276, 972, IO5I, 1070, 1092 Goatleaf, surname 155 Goatleaf, Harry 151-2, 164, 174, 990, 992 Goblins see Orcs Golasgil 771 Goldberry (River-daughter) 119, 120, 122-6, 128, 129, 131-2, 135-6, 145, 148 Golden Hall (Golden House) see Meduseld Golden Perch, The 88, 93 Golden Tree see Laurelin Golden Wood see Lothlorien Goldwine 977, 1068 Gollum (Sméagol, Slinker, Stinker, etc.) II, 12, 13, 33, 34, 48, 53-60 passim, 249, 251-6 passim, 261, 272, 274, 312, 314, 318, 337, 345, 350, 382-6 passim, 395, 402, 4555 456, 604, 605, 612-55 passim, 660, 672, 675, 684-727 passim, 7325 738-9, 815, 914, 918, 925, 926, 936, 938, 939, 943-7 passim, 1087-94 passim; name (Sméagol) 1030, 1036; Sméagol-Gollum debate 632-4 Gondolin 243, 316, 357, 1034, III5 Gondor (South-kingdom, South, Southlands, etc.) 4, 8-9, 14, 15, 240-8 passim, 252, 256, 266—7, 279, 296, 331; 338, 367, 368, 390, 392, 396, 402, 415, 417, 422-3, 431, 432, 433, 436, 442, 474, 475 508, 510, 513, 516, 522, 528, 563, 597-8, 609, 636, 639, 650, 659, 660, 666, 667, 670, 671, 678-9, 684, 690, 691, 692, 694, 697, 702, 7II, 7295 747-59 passim, 763-70 passim, 780, 782, 795, 798, 799, 802, 803, 804, 811, 813-14, 820, 824, 831, 833, 834, 838, 846-9 passim, 855, 860, 862, 869, 873, 877, 881, 882, 883, 886, 888, 890, 892, 900, 9525 957; 958, 965-6, 971; 9745 977> 986, 987, 992, 1005, 1033, 1037-40 passim, 1043-56 passim, 1060, 1064-71 passim, 1078, 1080, 1084-90 passim, 1095-8 passim, 1127, 1129, 1131; Realm in Exile 1038, 1084; Stoningland 849, 1054; names 1128, 1129; calendar, reckoning of 1033, 1068, 1107; City of Gondor see Minas Tirith; Council of 1049; Crown of see THE LORD OF THE RINGS Crown of Gondor; Errand-riders see Errand-riders of Gondor; Fields of see Pelennor; Kings, Ship-kings of 594, 1038, 1064, 1085; language of 845, 1069, III3, III5, 1133, 1134; Lords of see Stewards; Men of (folk, people, race, etc.) 9, 267, 390, 436, 439, 636, 639, 669, 678-9, 681, 750, 828, 832, 845, 846, 877, 890, 948, 954, 959, 965; 966, 967, 975-6; Minstrel of 954; Northern Army of 1049, 1064; palantir of 597; southern fiefs 750, 848; tombs of see Hallows; wardens of Gondor upon the West (at Orthanc) 5553 writing in 1122; East-borders 436; North March 668; South Gondor 1047; see also Anorien; Beacon hills; Ithilien; Minas Tirith; etc. Goodbody family 28, 29, 30, I100 Goodbody, Lily (Baggins) 1100 Goodbody, Togo I100 Gorbag 735-42 passim, 899, 902, 905-6, 913, 919 Gore see Naith of Lorien Gorgoroth 244, 401, 636, 642, 682, 705, 710, 892, 900, 9OI, 922, 923, 927, 934s 941; 950 Gothmog 846 Gram 977, 1068 Grange, Old 1016 Great, the 2, 270 Great Armament 1084 Great Battle, at end of First Age 1082 Great Bridge see Brandywine Bridge Great Danger 1029 Great Darkness, of Morgoth 468, 473, 486 Great Enemy see Morgoth Great Gate of the City see Minas Tirith Great Gate(s) see Moria Great Jewel see Silmaril(s) Great Lands see Middle-earth Great River see Anduin Great Ships, Numenorean 473 Great Siege 739 Great Signal 705-6, 738 Great Smials (Great Place of the Tooks) 7, 14, 15, 461, 1009, IOIO, 1088, I103 Great Wars [against Morgoth and Sauron] 472 Great Years IogI—5 Green Dragon, The 44, 66, 148, 1003, 1004 Green Hills (Green Hill Country), of the Shire 71, 1009, IOI5, 1027 Green Hills, of Gondor see Pinnath Gelin

INDEX Greenhand, Halfred 1105 Greenhand, Holman 1105 Greenway (North Road) 9, 150, 153, 1555 164, 256, 263, 274, 992, 993, 1005, 1091; Greenway-crossing I5I Greenwood the Great see Mirkwood Grey Company 503, 776, 782, 785-90 passim Grey-elven see Sindarin Grey-elves see Eldar Grey Host see Dead, the Grey Havens 7, 16, 43, 45, 240, 249, 266, 284, 348, 874, 974, 1029, 1030, 1034, 1039, 1043, 1050, 1062, 1083, 1085, 1096, 1097; Forlond 1050; Harlond 1050; Mithlond 598, 1030 Grey Mountains 1072, 1087 Grey Pilgrim see Gandalf Grey Wood 835, 976, 1093 Greyflood (Gwathl6) 200, 274, 275, 285, 3745 984, 993, 1039, 1040, 1045, IOI Grima, son of Galmod see Wormtongue Grimbeorn the Old 228 Grimbold [a marshal distinguished in battles at the Fords of Isen, commanded the Left-wing and fell in the battle of Pelennor] 551, 836, 837, 849 Grimslade 849 Grip 92, 93, 94 Grishnakh 446-7, 451-8 passim, 489, 490, 564, III4, 1132 Groin 1079 Grond, battering-ram 828-9 Grond, Hammer of the Underworld, Morgoth’s mace 828 Gror 1072, 1074, 1079, 1087 Grubb family 28, 29, 30 Grubb, Laura 28 Guards of the Citadel (of Minas Tirith) 752-3, 762, 7675 769, 772, 798; 8575 883, 953, 966-9 passim; livery of 753, 807, 811, 850, 851, 862, 953, 955, 966; 1005 Guarded City see Minas Tirith Guardians see Valar Gundabad 1074 Guthlaf 838, 843, 849 Guthwine (Eomer’s sword) 533 Gwaihir the Windlord 127, 261-2, 272, 495, 502, 948-51 passim, 1092 Gwathlo see Greyflood Hador, steward 1039, II08 Hador the Goldenhaired, the Elf-friend 271, 678; House of Hador 1034 1159 Halbarad 774-9 passim, 782, 786, 789, 848, 849 Haldir 343-55 passim, 359, 370-1, 372; 383, 609 Haleth Helm’s son 1066, 1068 Half-elven (Peredhil) 398, 1034-53 see also Elrond the Halfelven Halflings see Hobbits Halflings, country of see Shire Halifirien 747, 804 Hall of Fire see Rivendell Hall of the Kings (of the Tower) see Citadel of Gondor Hallas 1039 Hallow, on Mount Mindolluin 970, 971 Hallows, in Minas Tirith 852, 969; see also House of the Kings; House of the Stewards Hama, captain of the King’s Guard 510, 5II, 514-19 passim, 523, 528, 545, 580 Hama, Helm’s son 1066, 1068 Hamfast of Gamwich 1105 Hammer of the Underworld see Grond Harad (South) 248, 659, 661, 765, 811, 828, 1054, 1085, 1086, III5; Haradwaith 1045; Sunlands 647; havens of 400; kingdoms of, in the Far South 659; kings of 1045; men of see Haradrim Haradrim (folk, men, peoples of Harad) 245, 659, 678, 799, 811, 817, 839, 843, 846, 875, 876, 886, 949, 968, 1045, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1054, 1069, 1086, 1088; champion of 821; chieftain (the black serpent) 839, 840, 842; men like half-trolls from Far Harad 846, 848; Men of Near Harad 1049; Southrons 659, 660, 675, 839, 846, 848, 864, 957, 987; dead Southron 660-1; Swarthy Men 800; Swertings 647, 661 Hardbottle 1021 Harding, of Rohan 849 Harding of the Hill 1105 Harfoots 3, 6, 1085, I130 Harlond see Grey Havens Harlond, harbour of Minas Tirith 750, 846-7, 848, 877, 881 Harnen 1045 Harrowdale 783, 791, 792-3, 797, 1068, 1093 Hasufel 439, 440, 443, 488, 504, 506, 509; 524; 5395 560, 773 Haudh in Gwantr 1054 Haunted Mountain see Dwimorberg Haunted Pass see Cirith Gorgor Havens see Grey Havens

I160 Hay Gate see Buckland Haysend 99, II3 Hayward, Hob 998, 999, I000 Healers see Houses of Healing Heathertoes, surname 155 Heathertoes, Mat 992 Hedge see High Hay Helm ‘Hammerhand’ 531, 540, 977, 1054, 1065-8 passim, 1088; horn of 5395 540, 976 Helm’s Deep (the Deep) 527-53 passim, 566, 580, 589, 595, 600, 782, 783, 9775 978, 1066-7, 1088, 1093, 1095; caverns of see Glittering Caves of Aglarond; see also Deeping-coomb; Deeping Stream; Deeping Wall Helm’s Dike (the Dike) 430, 529, 530, 5325 541; 543, 545, 546, 553, 777 7795 782, 1067 Helm’s Gate (the Gate) 528, 529, 530, 531; 541; 545 Helmingas see Westfold: men of Hending, son of Holman ‘the greenhanded’ 1105 Henneth Anntn, Window of the Sunset (Window-curtain, Curtain) 674, 683-6 passim, 695, 696, 811, 886, 957, 1054, 1088, 1093 Herblore of the Shire 8, 15 Herefara 849 Herion 1039 Herubrand 849 Herugrim (Théoden’s sword) 517, 518, 519 Hidden Land see Lothlorien High City see Citadel of Gondor High Court see Citadel of Gondor High-elven see Quenya High Elves see Eldar: Noldor High Hay (Hedge) 99, 107, 109, II0, III, 130 High Pass see Cirith Ungol High Pass, in Misty Mountains 228 Hild 1067 Hill, the (Hobbiton Hill) 21, 22, 24, 26, 40, 45, 69, 70, 76, 95, 263, 359, 363; 1016, IOI7, 1020, 1022, III2 Hill of Hearing see Amon Lhaw Hill of the Eye, of Sight see Amon Hen Hill Road 69, 1017 Hill-trolls see Trolls Hillmen see Dunlendings; Rhudaur Hirgon 798, 799, 800, 801, 835 Hirluin the Fair 771, 846, 849 Hither Shore(s) see Middle-earth Hithlain [mist-thread] 371 THE LORD OF THE RINGS Hoarwell (Mitheithel) 3, 200, 208, 264, 274, 1040, 1041, 1092; name 1134; Bridge of Mitheithel see Last Bridge Hobbit, The 1, 11-13, 1136 Hobbiton 6, 21-8, 42, 45, 66, 68, 70, 71, 725 75-6, 84, 94-5, 102, 167, 231, 232; 249, 262-3, 359, 288, 471, 607, 918, 1000, IOOI, 1004, 1009-17 passim, 1022, 1023, IOQI, 1096, II00, II12; folk of 1013 Hobbiton Road 1004, I106 Hobbits (Little Folk, Little People) 1-32 passim, 36-45 passim, 48, 49, 52-5 passim, 62, 66, 67, 69, 70, 725 925 94; 95, 107, 108, 131, 265, 297; 434, 465, 481, 490, 557, 586, 761-2, 998-1024 passim, 1041, 1107, 1131; Halflings 343, 348, 399, 434, 445, 453, 658, 668, 681, 755, 811, 966, 1130; Holbytla(n) 557, 842, I130, 1138; Periain, Periannath (sing. Perian) 14, 768, 807, 859, 870, 886, 966, 1085, 1086; and architecture, craft of building 6, 7; and boats, water 7, 22-3, 99, 368; calendar of see Shire Reckoning; character, appearance I-3; education, lore I, 2, 3, 7, 10, 14-18, 48, 597, 1133; passion for family history 22, 558; food and drink 2, 26-9, 42, 102, 560-1, etc.; dislike of heights 344; Hobbitry-in-arms 9; language of 2, 4, III5, 1130, 1133, 1134-5; legends, stories of 557-8, 734; 760; and mushrooms 102; names of race III4, 1137-8; names of Hobbits III3, I130, 1135-6, 1137-8; custom of presents 2, 5, 27; smoking 8-9, 558, 562-3, see also Pipe-weed; toughness of 6, 222, 3273; writing (letters, script) 43 see also Bree; Fallowhides; Harfoots; Mathom; Shire, the; Stoors; etc. Holbytla(n) see Hobbits Hold see Dunharrow Hollin see Eregion Hollin gate see Moria Holman ‘the greenhanded’ 22, 23, 1105 Horn, Rider of Rohan 849 Horn-call, cry of Buckland see Buckland Horn of Boromir 279, 330, 413, 414, 416, 417, 666, 667-8, 679, 755, 1092 Horn of the Mark, given to Meriadoc 978, 1007, IOI5, IOI7, 1112 Hornblower family 28, 29, 30, 49 Hornblower pipe-weed brandmarks 562, 574 Hornblower, Tobold (Tobold the Old, Old Toby) 8, 558, 559, 1087

INDEX Hornburg (the Burg) 528—40 passim, 545, 546, 553, 580, 775-82 passim, 848, 879, 1066, 1069, 1093, 11323 Hornburg-gates 5333 see also Battle of the Hornburg Hornrock (Rock) 528, 529, 533-41 passim Horse-men’s road 832 Host of the West, against Witch-king I05I Host of the West, army from Valinor at end of First Age 1072 Host of the West (army of the West, Men of the West), against Sauron 1094 Host of Valinor 1082 Hound of Sauron see Wolves House of Hurin see Stewards House of the Kings (Houses of the Dead) 969, 1052, 1062, 1063 House of the Stewards, tombs 824, 826-7, 851 Houses of Healing 855-74 passim, 958, 959; 961, 964, 965, 966; Healers 855, 859, 860, 884, 958, 959, 960; herbmaster of 863, 865, 868; Warden of 870-1, 958-9, 960, 961, 964, 965 Houses of the Dead see House of the Kings Hundred-weight Feast 42 Hunter’s Moon 274 Huor 1034 Huorns 487, 541-6 passim, 549, 552, 553> 565-72 passim, 577; darkness of 526-7 Hurin, of the First Age 271; name 1128 Hurin I, steward 1039 Hurin II, steward 1039 Hurin of Emyn Arnen, steward 1039, 1052; House of see Stewards Hurin the Tall, Warden of the Keys 846, 959, 966, 968 Hyarmendacil ‘South-victor’ (Ciryaher) 1038, 1045, 1085 Hyarmendacil II (Vinyarion) 1038, 1086 Iarwain Ben-adar see Bombadil, Tom Idril Celebrindal 1034 Ilmarin 235, 372 Imlad Morgul see Morgul Vale Imladris see Rivendell Imloth Melui 866, 966 Imrahil, Prince of Dol Amroth (the Prince, Lord of Dol Amroth) 750, 771, 791, 808, 816, 820, 821, 824, 845-51 passim, 855, 861-6 passim, 872, 873; 878, 880-1, 882, 884, 888, 889, 891, II61 955, 966, 976, 978, 1070, 1113; name III3 Incanus see Gandalf Ingold 749, 821 Inland Sea see Nurnen; Rhtn, Sea of Toreth 860, 862, 863, 865, 866, 966, III4 Torlas 769 Irensaga 794 Tron Crown 712, 1034 Tron Hills 1072, 1074, 1076, 1078, 1087, 1088, 1089 Isen 296, 527, 551; 5525 553s 566, 569, 5745 982, 993, 1065, 1066, 1068, 1069, I09I Isen, Fords (Crossings) of 526, 528, 529, 545, 548-52 passim, 566, 580, 596, 773-4, 1066, 1070, 1091; mouths of 1054; see also Battles of the Fords of Isen Isengard 127, 258, 260, 296, 400, 416, 421, 425, 435, 437, 446, 452, 456, 460, 472-5 passim, 481, 482, 485, 486, 487, 490, 497-8, 500, 505, 518, 521, 526, 527s 5295 5325 5332 535 539> 541; 5445 548, 552-765 582-3, 585, 588, 589, 5945 595» 598; 599, 644, 749, 757» 7655 773> 890; 978-9, 984, 1004, 1005, IOI8, 1054, 1055, 1066—9 passim, 1088, 1089, 1093, 1095, 1131; Angrenost 473; creatures of 536; emblem of (white hand) 437, 446, 449, 474, 533, 5543 gates of 548, 554; Lord of see Saruman; Ring (circle) of 261, 554-53 Isengarders see Orcs; see also Orthanc; White Hand; Wizard’s Vale Isengrim II 1088, 1109 Isenmouthe (Carach Angren) 920, 927-8, 930, 933, 1094 Isildur, son of Elendil 52, 55, 56, 242-9 passim, 252, 254, 276, 393, 433, 641, 663, 664, 671, 678, 707, 780, 782, 789, 875, 876, 967, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1043, 1049, 1056, 1057, 1084, 1085, 1089, III6, 1128; heirs, House of (Northern Line) 854, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1042, 1044, 1088, see also Aragorn II, Valandil; name 1128; scroll of 252-3, 1090 Isildur’s Bane see Ring, the Istari see Wizards Ithil-stone see Palantir Ithildin [starmoon] 304, 317 Ithilien 245, 650-1, 657, 659, 672, 674, 675, 692, 696, 703, 750, 752, 762, 765, 811, 812, 814, 885, 900, 937, 951, 955, 957s 965, 969, 1047, 1048, 1049,

I162 Ithilien — cont. 1052-5 passim, 1069, 1080, 1088, 1089, 1093, 1094, 1097, 1098, III5; see also South Ithilien Ivorwen 1057 Ivy Bush, The 22, 66 Jewels, Three see Silmarils Khand 846, 1049 Khazad see Dwarves Khazad-diim see Moria Kheled-zaram see Mirrormere Khuzdul see Dwarves: language of Kibil-nala see Celebrant Kili 1076, 1078, 1079 King of Angmar see Witch-king King of the Dead see Dead, the King of the Mark (Rohan) see Eomer; Théoden; etc. King of the Mountains 782 King’s Court, Numenor I110 King’s Men (Black Numeno6reans) see Numenoreans King’s messengers 1005 King’s Writer see Findegil Kings see under names of places, e.g. Gondor, and names of individual kings, e.g. Théoden Kings of Men see Numenoreans Kings under the Mountain 11; see also Erebor Kings’ Reckoning 1107-12 passim Kingsfoil see Athelas Kin-strife 1038, 1045, 1046, 1052, 1086 Lady of Lothlorien (of the Golden Wood, etc.) see Galadriel Lady of Rivendell see Arwen Lagduf 905 Lake Town see Esgaroth Lamedon 771, 790, 848, 874, 875; Lord of see Angbor Lampwright’s Street (Rath Celerdain) 768, 771 Land of Shadow see Mordor Landroval 948, 950 Langstrand (Anfalas) 296, 770, 1048, 1134; name 1134 Languages, of Middle-earth 307, 1127-38; see also language(s) under names of peoples, e.g. Dwarves, and names of individual languages or language groups, e.g. Adanaic; Elvish languages Lassemista 483, 484 THE LORD OF THE RINGS Last Alliance of Elves and Men 185, 243, 244, 900, 1037, 1084 Last Bridge (Bridge of Mitheithel) 200, 201, 210, 1092 Last Homely House see Rivendell Last Mountain see Methedras Last Ship 1039 Last Shore see Aman Laurelin (Golden Tree) 372, 598, 644, 1033; one of the Two Trees of Valinor 1034 Laurelindorenan see Lothlorien Leaf see Pipe-weed Leaflock (Finglas) 474-5 Lebennin 296, 750, 764, 765, 816, 846, 848, 873, 875, 877, 965, 1047, 1093 Lebethron 694, 966 Lefnui 1066 Legolas Greenleaf 240, 255, 272, 275, 279-405 passim, 414—43 passim, 488-550 passim, 556-77 passim, 585, 586, 658, 773, 775-92 passim, 796, 848, 872-8 passim, 883, 886, 888, 954-7 passim, 970, 976, 978, 981, I080, 1081, 1098; one of the Three Hunters 420, 491 Lembas (waybread) [len-bas ‘way-bread’] 369, 370, 427, 429, 454, 457, 458, 462, 489, 490, 561, 604, 622, 624, 652, 7II, 914, 919, 920, 921, 927, 928, 936, 938, 655 Léod 1064, 1065 Léofa (Brytta) 977, 1068 Libraries 14-15, 252, 277, IIII Lidless Eye see Eye, the Lightfoot 845 Limlight 881, 1053, 1064 Lindir 237 Lindon (Elvish country) 1039, 1040, IO4I, 1050, IO5I, 1082, 1083, 1086 Linhir 875, 1093 Lithe 10, 1106, II09, IIIO Lithlad 636 Little folk, people see Hobbits Lockholes 1001, 1002, 1009, IOIO, IOII, 1013, 1021 Lonely Mountain see Erebor Long Cleeve 1097, 1103 Long Lake see Esgaroth Long Winter 5, 1054, 1066, 1068, 1088 Longbeards see Dwarves Longbottom 8, 9, 558, I009 Longbottom Leaf 8, 562, 870 Longholes, surname 155 Loni 322 Lord of Barad-dtr see Sauron

INDEX 1163 Lord of Minas Tirith see Denethor II; Stewards Lord of the Mark (Rohan) see Eomer; Théoden Lord of the Nazgtl see Witch-king Lord of the Ring see Sauron Lords of the City see Stewards Lorien see Lothlérien Lossarnach (Arnach) 750, 764, 770; 771; 849, 863, 864, 881, 886, 1069, 1070, 1129 Lossoth (Snowmen of Forochel) 1041, 1042 Lothiriel 1070 Lothlorien (Lorien, Golden Wood, Elfcountry, Elvish country, etc.) 227, 253, 266, 274, 283, 334-78 passim, 380-3 passim, 386, 387, 388, 391, 400, 402, 416, 424, 432, 436, 438, 467, 469, 472, 476, 489, 502, 510, 514, 590, 608, 609, 625, 667, 668, 673, 676, 677, 679, 680, 720; 731, 7325 807, 862, 872, 918, 933, 972, 978, 979, 985, 986, 987, 1026, 1040, 1043, 1058, 1060, 1063, 1076, 1087, 1089, 1090, 1092-5 passim, 11273 Dreamflower 467; Dwimordene [Vale of Illusion, name in Rohan for Lorien] 514; Egladil 347, 373; Laurelindorenan (Land of the Valley of Singing Gold) 467, 667, 979; Elves of (Galadhrim) see Elves: of Lothlorien; name 1127; time in 358, 388-9, 5033 see also East Lorien; Naith of Lorien; Northern Fences Loudwater see Bruinen Lugburz see Barad-dtr Lugdush 449, 453 Lune (Lhin), river 4, 1039, 1041, IO5I, 1076, 1082, 1134; name 1134 Lune, Firth of 1030 Lune, Gulf of 598, 1039, 1042 Lune, Mountains of see Blue Mountains Luthien Tinuviel [Tintviel = nightingale] I9I—4 passim, 214, 227, 243, 277, 723> 876, 974, 1034, 1058, 1059; lay of Beren and Luthien (Lay of Luthien) 277, 1058 Mablung 659, 661, 662, 668, 669, 672, 673, 886 Maggot family 92, 95-6 Maggot, Farmer 91-7, 100, 102, 103, 132 Maggot, Mrs. 93, 96—7, 102 Malbeth the Seer 781, 1050 Mallor 1038 Mallorn (Golden Tree, pl. mellyrn) 335, 342, 349, 350; 351; 354, 371, 489, 1023, 1063, 1096, III2 Mallos 875 Malvegil 1038, 1040 Man in the Moon 158-60 Mannish languages see Men: languages of Manwé (Elder King) 235 Maps, mentioned 277, 283, 285, 927 Marcho 4, 1099 Mardil Voronwé ‘the Steadfast’ 670, 755, 1039, 1052, 1053, 1087, I108 Marish 6, 88, 89, 92, 98, 102, 607, 809, 1087, I104, 1135; names in 1135 Mark, the see Rohan Master of Buckland, of the Hall see Brandybuck family Mathom 5, 15; 37; 1113, 1130, I136 Mathom-house (museum) 5, 13, 317 Mauhur 454, 457, 457 Mazarbul, Book of see Book of Mazarbul Mazarbul, Chamber of see Chamber of Mazarbul Mearas 435, 504, 508, 1065 Meduseld (Golden Hall, house of Eorl) 437> 439, 500, 504, 507, 510-23, 527, 5435 551, 581, 600, 747, 773 777> 793> 797, 802, 843, 849, 867, 955, 976, 9775 1066, 1067, 1068, 1087 Melian 1034 Mellon [friend] 305, 308 Men (Big Folk, Big People, Mortal Men) I-7 passim, 50; 51; 755 76, 83, 94, 102, I19, 131, 145, 148, 149-50, 152, 1555 156, 190, 193, 194, 220—-I, 222, 227, 235, 243, 244, 259, 275, 281, 292, 297, 320, 3545 359, 369, 391; 397, 398, 400, 420, 430, 438, 442, 454, 464, 465, 468, 472, 473, 475, 476, 478, 508, 514, 5345 545s 5475 550, 553s 5545 560, 566, 567; 574, 580, 597, 616, 646, 649, 650, 661, 667, 670, 675-81 passim, 685, 687, 692, 695, 697; 723, 821, 873, 9235 924, 981, 1044, 1045, 1050, 1062, 1073, 1080, 1082, 1084, 1094, 1095, I097, 1128, 1132; alphabets of 1118; calendar of 1107, 1110; dominion of 971, 1082; fail but seed springs up 873; languages of 307, 320, 486, 1123, 1128, 1129, 1130, 1132, 1133, 1135, 1136, 1137, see also Adanaic, Common Speech; names of 1128, 11353 see also Dunlendings; Gift of Men; Haradrim; Last Alliance of Elves and Men; Numenoreans; Rohirrim; and names of places inhabited by Men, e.g. Gondor

1164 Men of the Mountains see Dead, the Men of the Twilight see Rohirrim Meneldil 244, 252, 1038, 1049, 1085 Meneldor 950, 951 Meneltarma 1035 Menelvagor (Telumehtar, Orion) 81, III3 Mere of Dead Faces see Dead Marshes Merethrond, the Great Hall of Feasts 975 Methedras (Last Mountain) 429, 469, 470, 481 Michel Delving 5, 6, 23, 156, 157, 2775 317, I009, IOI2, 1021; mathom-house of 5, 13, 317; Mayor of see Whitfoot, Will Middle-earth (middle world, mortal lands, etc.) 2, 5, 7, 16, 43, 795 1495 193, 198, 221, 234, 236, 242, 250, 266, 268, 307, 336, 343, 349, 357, 375s 377> 4995 547» 550, 567, 581, 595, 599, 6775 679, 684, 712, 720, 788, 791, 873, 874, 888, 911, 917, 945, 948, 967, 981, 1023, 1029, 1030, 1033-9 passim, 1043, 1044, 1048, 1058, 1061, 1062, 1080-5 passim, 1098, IIO07, III5, III7, 1128, 1129; Great Lands 677; Hither Shore(s) 236, 341, 3733 name III5; solar year in 1107; West of 306, 1034 Middle Peoples see Rohirrim Midgewater Marshes 182-3, 184 Midsummer 10, 972, 973, 1025 Mid-year’s Day 1106, I109 Mill, in Hobbiton 362-3, 1012, 1013, IOI6—17, 1022 Minalcar see Romendacil IT Minardil 1038, 1048, 1052, 1086 Minas Anor, Tower of the (Setting) Sun 244, 245, 252, 598, 671, 884, 963, 964, 1037, 1044, 1047, 1048, 1052, 1084, 1085, 1086; Anor-stone (palantir) 1086; King’s House 1086; see also later name Minas Tirith Minas Ithil, Tower of the (Rising) Moon (Moontower) 244-5, 246, 598, 641, 642, 677, 691, 692, 697, 703, 884, 969, 1037, IOSI, 1056, 1084, 10873 Ithilstone (palantir) see Palantir; see also later name Minas Morgul Minas Morgul, Tower of Sorcery (Dead City, accursed tower) 245, 250, 401, 598, 642, 643, 691, 692, 703-8 passim, 736, 737> 7645 812, 817, 848, 882, 884, 900, 1052, 1087; host(s), legions of (Morgul-host, etc.) 706, 707, 819, 820, 843, 846, 906, 1093; King of see THE LORD OF THE RINGS Witch-king; see also earlier name Minas Ithil Minas Tirith, Tower of Guard (the City, Stone-city, etc.) 14, 15, 245-8 passim, 252, 276, 358, 367-70 passim, 3735 3745 389, 390; 393, 395, 397-404 passim, 414, 417, 418, 422, 434, 435, 436, 496, 4975 508, 509, 516-17, 550, 600, 609, 658, 659, 663, 664, 668-72 passim, 677, 679, 690, 692, 748, 751, 7525 7595 760, 763, 766-73, 780, 791, 799, 801, 803, 804, 807, 808, 810, 811, 816-39 passim, 843-7 passim, 850-62 passim, 866, 869-78 passim, 881, 883, 885, 886, 897, 955-75 passim, 978, 9795 1027, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1062, 1063, 1078, 1080, 1088-95 passim, 1129, 1133; Guarded City 751; Mundburg [guardian-fortress] 508, 509, 803, 804, 835, 978; Seven Gates 748; see also earlier name Minas Anor; Captains of 758; Gate of (Great Gate, Gate of Gondor) 750, 751, 752; 763, 764, 768-71 passim, 791, 809, 810, 819-24 passim, 827, 828, 829, 839, 843, 849, 850, 852, 855, 858, 861, 881, 966, 970, 1093; Lord(s) of see Stewards; men of the City (of the Tower of Guard) 358, 369, 370, 390, 883, 884, 891; mounds of 849; palantir of (Anor-stone) see Palantir; Second Gate of 827; see also Citadel of Gondor; House of the Kings; House of the Stewards; Houses of Healing; Lampwright’s Street (Rath Celerdain); Rath Dinen (Silent Street) Minastan 1038 Mindolluin see Mount Mindolluin Mines of Moria see Moria Minhiriath 1041, 1089 Min-Rimmon (Rimmon) 747, 805, 832, 965, 1093, 1129; name I129 Mirkwood (Great Wood, Wood, etc.) 3, 445 47> 515 525 56; 57, 58, 74, 228, 240, 250, 253, 255, 256, 261, 273, 2745 335> 339s 375, 400, 432, 461, 472, 475, 491; 507; 5325 547, 585, 675, 684, 723, 765, 872, 968, 981, 1045, 1053, 1063, 1064, I07I, 1072, 1077, 1085, 1090, 1094, I127, 1132; Eryn Lasgalen 1094; Greenwood the Great 3, 1045, 1046, 1048, 1080, 1082, 1084, 1085, 10943 Taur e-Ndaedelos 1134; Elven-king’s halls in 255, 547; Narrows 10943 Northern Mirkwood 240; Southern Mirkwood 352, 380, see also East Lorien; see also Woodmen

INDEX Mirror of Galadriel 361-4, 376, 731, 995; IOI6, 1092 Mirrormere (Kheled-zaram) 283, 316, 317, 318, 321, 322, 333, 334, 356, 378, 547, 1071, 1074 Miruvor 290, 295, 310 Misty Mountains (Mountains of Mist) 3, II, 525 535 54, 136, 149, 165, 186-7, 190, 200, 204, 208, 224, 227, 228, 231, 239, 240, 250, 251, 258, 262, 274, 275, 276, 281-7 passim, 295, 296, 297, 300, 301, 309, 331; 333, 337s 341, 342; 348, 353, 380, 400, 415, 429, 441, 450, 452, 458, 462, 468, 469, 475, 481, 499, 526, 552, 890, 982, 1023, 1039, 1040, 1043, 1053, 1054, 1058, 1063, 1064, 1070, IO7I, 1082, 1084, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1090, 1127, 1129, II3I Mitheithel see Hoarwell Mithlond see Grey Havens Mithrandir see Gandalf Mithril [truesilver] 317, 318, 322, 753, 1071, 1082; Moria-silver 317; mithril coat (mail) 13, 277-8, 317-18, 336, 731, 889, 902, 918, 954, 955, 986, 1094 Moon (Ithil) 684; and livery of Minas Morgul 903, 913; and Shire calendar 1107; new after Lothlorien 384, 385, 388-9; White Face, so called by Gollum 616, 629, 630, 686, 687 Morannon [black gate] (the Black Gate(s) of Mordor, Sauron’s gate) 243, 2535 3735 619, 625, 628, 630, 631, 634-9 passim, 642, 646, 648, 649, 652, 691, 692, 694, 702, 816, 819, 883-91 passim, 928, 933, 949, 962, 963, 1049, 1093 Mordor (Black Country, Black Land, Dark Country, Land of Shadow, Nameless Land, etc.) 43-4, 50, 51, 58, 147, 168, 176, 185, 186, 193, 214, 222, 223, 226, 241-5 passim, 248, 250-5 passim, 259, 262, 267, 275, 277; 288, 324, 368, 373, 386, 390, 395, 396, 398, 399, 401, 403, 406, 407, 415, 419, 425, 433, 436, 452, 460, 472, 496, 497, 498, SII, 516, 527; 555, 580; 582, 584; 585, 589, 595, 600, 603, 604, 609, 616, 625, 628-32 passim, 636-9 passim, 642-7 passim, 651, 665, 682, 691, 694, 699, 702, 707, 710; 711, 730; 7335 748, 764, 781; 796, 799, 801, 807, 815, 822, 828, 848, 856, 861, 874, 876, 878, 881, 882, 885-91 passim, 897—9OI passim, 905, 907; 9II, 912, 915, 917-22 passim, I165 926-9 passim, 933, 935, 945, 9475 948, 949, 9525 954, 957, 966, 996, 1018, 1037; 1045, 1048, 1049, IO5I, 1053, 1055, 1056, 1060, 1070, 1078, 1083-90 passim, 1131, 1132; allies of 875, see also names of allies, e.g. Haradrim; captains of 1131; gates of see Morannon; host(s) of 779, 798, 823, 838, 847, 848, 891, 948; language of see Black Speech; slaves of 814, 968; walls of see Ephel Duath, Ered Lithui; see also Darkness; Nazgul; Orcs; Shadow Morgai 899, 900, 916, 917, 920-4, 927, 1094 Morgoth (Dark Power of the North, Darkness in the North, the Great Enemy, the Shadow) [evil Vala, prime Enemy] 193, 356, 476, 486, 914, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1041, IO7I, 1072, 1082, I128, II3I, 1137; servant of see Sauron Morgul-knife 195, 198, 203, 210, 222, 988 Morgul-lord see Witch-king Morgul Pass 885, 900 Morgul-road (Morgul-way) 916, 920, 923, 1093 Morgul-spells 246 Morgul Vale (Imlad Morgul [Imlad = deep valley], Valley of Living Death, Valley of the Wraiths, etc.) 253, 694, 697, 699, 704, 709, 710, 7II, 717; 7205 724, 734, 812, 885, 887, 935, 958, 969, 1053, 1094 Morgulduin 697, 704, 705 Moria (Mines of Moria, Khazad-dam, the Black Pit, Dwarf-kingdom, halls of Durin, etc.) 240, 241, 242, 268, 283, 287, 295, 296, 297, 300, 303, 306, 310-23 passim, 333-8 passim, 344, 349, 355» 3565 3595 360, 368, 383, 384, 387; 400, 416, 435, 436, 446, 472, 501, 502, 535» 548, 562, 570, 644, 658, 663, 670, 677s 759s 934, 1071-6 passim, 1079, I082, 1083, 1084, 1087-92 passim, 1096, III8, 1137; Dwarrowdelf 283, 315, 1137; bridge of (Bridge of Khazad-dam, Durin’s Bridge) 322, 328-31, 356, 360, 501, 1092; doors of (Doors of Durin, Elven Door, Hollin gate, West-gate) [west entrance to Moria, made by dwarves but controlled by spell of Celebrimbor] 297-311 passim, 322, 1082, IOI, 1092, II20, 1122; First Deep 328; First Hall 328, 329, 331; Great Gates (Dimrill Gate, East-gate) 297, 315, 318, 321,

I166 Moria — cont. 322, 323, 327, 328, 331, 332 333, 3345 335, 338, 985, 1073, 1075, 1088; Lord of 303; name 1137; North-end (Twenty-first hall) 321, 323; Second Hall 328-9; Seventh Level of 323; Third deep, upper armouries 3223 Walls of 301-3; see also Book of Mazarbul; Chamber of Mazarbul; Dwarves of Moria Moria, Mountains of 333, 1096; see also Caradhras; Celebdil; Fanuidhol Moria-silver see Mithril Morthond (Blackroot) 770, 788, 849, II15; archers of 858; uplands of 770 Morthond Vale (Blackroot Vale) 770, 788; men of 788-9 Morwen ‘Steelsheen’ 1069, 1070 Mound of the Riders 551-2, 596, 773 Mounds see Barrows Mount Doom (Orodruin, Amon Amarth, Mountain of Fire, etc.) 61, 62, 63, 242, 243, 245, 280, 285, 401, 402, 624, 644, 682, 808, 899, 900, 905, QII, 914, 916, 917, 918, 920, 923, 924, 927 933s 936-7, 950, 1037, 1055, 1083, 1089, 1094, 1134; name (Orodruin) 11343 see also Crack(s) of Doom; Sammath Naur Mount Everwhite see Oiolossé Mount Fang see Orthanc Mount Mindolluin (Mindolluin) 600, 684, 751, 752, 760, 771, 808, 814, 826, 829, 834, 836, 848, 957, 970, 972, 976 Mountain and the Wood see Erebor and Lothlorien [or Dwarves and Elves generally] Mountain Wall (= Pelori) 236 Mountains of Gondor see White Mountains Mountains of Lune see Blue Mountains Mountains of Moria see Moria, Mountains of Mountains of Shadow see Ephel Duath Mountains of Terror (= Ered Gorgoroth) 193, 723 Mouth of Sauron (Lieutenant of the Tower, Messenger) 888-92 passim Mugwort, surname 155 Mugwort, Mr. 161 Mimak (pl. miimakil) see Oliphaunt Mundburg see Minas Tirith Muzgash 905 Nain, father of Dain II 1074, 1075, 1079 Nain I 1072, 1079, 1087 THE LORD OF THE RINGS Nain II 1079 Naith of Lorien (Tongue, Gore) 347, 350, 3725 3733 377 Nali 322 Nameless Enemy, One see Sauron Nameless Land see Mordor Nameless Pass see Cirith Ungol Nameless, gnawing things 501 Nan Curunir (Wizard’s Vale, Valley of Saruman) 487, 526, 552, 553-4; 563, 5655 571, 589 Nan-tasarion see Tasarinan Nanduhirion see Dimrill Dale Nar 1073 Narchost see Towers of the Teeth Nardol 747, 805, 834 Nargothrond 316, 357, 1042, 1082, III5, 1128 Narmacil I 1038, 1044, 1045, 1046 Narmacil II 1038, 1048, 1049, 1050, 1086 Narrow Ice (= Helcaraxé) 234 Narsil (sword that was broken, sword of Elendil) [red and white flame] 170, I7I, 243, 244, 246, 247, 248, 268, 276-7, 433, 4385 511, 534, 658, 664, 677, 780, 848, 1043, 1057, 1085, 1089; reforged 276-7, see also Anduril Narvi 306 Narya (the Third Ring, the Ring of Fire) 1030, 1085 Naugrim see Dwarves Nazgtl (Ringwraiths, Black Riders, Fell Riders, Black Men, the Nine, Nine Riders, Nine Lords, Messengers of Mordor, Winged Messenger, Shriekers, etc.) 51, 69, 74-6, 78, 79, 80, 83-97 passim, 99, 102, 106, 107, 108, 127, 132, 147, 152, 164-9 passim, 172, 173, 176, 177, 180, 183, 188, 189, 190, 194-202 passim, 209-15 passim, 220-4 passim, 244, 245, 249, 250, 254-67 passim, 273, 274; 2755 278, 279, 2955 387, 388, 446, 451, 452, 472, 498, SOI, 566, 593, 595, 599, 600, 629-35 passim, 645, 692, 703, 737s 738 747> 764, 766, 773, 793, 809, 810, 816, 820, 821, 824, 860, 864, 879, 885-8 passim, 906, 913, 915, 918-19, 925-6, 938, 946-51 passim, 990, 1014, 1027, 1049, IO5I, 1053, 1083-9 passim, 1093; cry of 607, 609, 629-30, 766, 808-9, 915, 916, 919, 9253 city of see Minas Morgul; darkness of see Black Breath; Lord of see Witch-king; mounted on winged creatures 387, 446, 593, 5955 599, 629-30, 645, 809, 810, 816, 864,

INDEX 913, 915, 916, 918-19, 938, 946, 948, IOQI, 1092; senses of 75, 189, 222, 630 Necromancer see Sauron Neekerbreekers 183 Neldoreth (Taur-na-neldor) 193, 469, 1058 Nen Hithoel 368, 393, 1046 Nenuial see Evendim, Lake Nenya (the Ring of Adamant) 365, 366, 388, 985, 1028, 1085 New Age 979 New Reckoning 1112 New Row 1022 New Year 952; of the Elves 1094, I112 Nicotiana see Pipe-weed Night of Naught 234 Nimbrethil 233 Nimloth see White Tree Nimrodel, elf 339-41 passim, 1087, 11273 Lay of 824; name 1127; people of 824, 872 Nimrodel, river 338, 339, 341; 342; 3455 346, 347, 384, 1092 Nimrodel, Bridge of 339 Nimrodel, falls of 340, 341, 344 Nindalf (Wetwang) 373, 1113 Nine (Nine Riders, Nine Servants) see Nazgtl Nine Rings see Rings of Power Nine Walkers (Nine Companions) see Company of the Ring Niphredil 350, 351, 1060, 1063 Noakes 22, 23 Nob 153, 154, 165, 168, 169, 173, 174, 179, 180, 990, 991; 994 Nogrod 1071 Noldor see Eldar Noman-lands 373, 631 Norbury see Fornost Nori 229, 1079 North, the (Northerland, etc.) 8, 150, 198, 221, 243, 248, 252, 266, 340, 374, 432, 547, 678, 748; palantir of 1040, 10423 see also names of lands in the North of Middle-earth, e.g. Beleriand North Downs 244, 993, 1040, IO4I, IO5I North-gate see Buckland North Kingdom (Northern Kingdom) see Arnor North Moors 44, 45 North Road see Greenway North Stair see Stair, the, by Rauros North-tooks of Long Cleeve 1103 Northern Fences, of Lothlorien 370 Northfarthing 9, 44, 288, 649, 1016, 1167 1024, 1088; see also Battle of Greenfields Northmen 1045, 1046, 1072 North-way see West Road Numenor (Westernesse), island realm 4, 15, 525 194, 236, 242, 597, 676, 678, 679, 682, 782, 789, 825, 868, 962, 1035-7, 1042, 1043, 1047, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1128; Elenna, Isle of 1035; Land of the Star 1048; calendar of see Kings’ Reckoning; Downfall of (Akallabéth) 242, 1035, I108, 1129; Kings and Queens of 194, 1035, 1037, 1049, 1063; King’s Court 1110; languages of 1128-9, see also Adtinaic; men of see Numenoreans; name 1128; Seeing Stones of see Palantir Numenoreans, of the island realm (Men of the Sea) 8, 476, 485, 679, 1048, III7, 1128; the Faithful (Exiles) 1036, 1037, 1084; Black Numenoreans (King’s Men) 888, 1044-5; Numenoreans who became Nazgul 692; in Middle-earth after the Downfall (Kings of Men, Men of race or blood of Numenor, Westernesse, etc.) 4, 52, 233, 242, 244, 245, 259, 268, 343, 399, 400, 496, 628, 641, 659, 670, 672, 677-8, 759, 810, 824, 832, 900, 965, 1048, 1049, 1052, I13I, see also Dunedain; Fathers of see Edain; Rulers (Kings, Chieftains) of the Realms in Exile 149, 221, 967, 1033, 1037-9, 1046, 1061; works of Numenoreans, of Westernesse specifically mentioned see Minas Tirith; Orthanc; Seat of Seeing; Swords, from barrow Nurnen, Lake (inland sea) 636, 923, 968 Oath of Eorl see Eorl the Young: Oath of Oathbreakers see Dead, the Ohtar 243, 1085 Oin, son of Gléin 1079 Oin, son of Gréin 229, 241, 322, 1079 Oiolossé (Mount Everwhite) 377, 378 Old Forest 22, 98, 99, 103, I07, 108, IO0Q—2I passim, 128, 129, 130, 135, 136, 147, 151, 1775 219, 265, 442, 468, 472, 996, 998, 1040, 1091; see also Bonfire Glade Old Grange 1016 Old Guesthouse 768 Old man at Door of the Dead 798 Old Man Willow see Willow, Old Man Old Road see East-West Road

I168 THE LORD OF THE RINGS Old Toby 8 Old Winyards 38, 68 Old Words and Names in the Shire 15 Old World, North-west of 2 Oldbuck family 9, 98, 1043, 1087, I104, 1138; see also Brandybuck family Oldbuck, Gorhendad 98, 1104 Oliphaunt (mtimak) 661, 662, 675, 811, 828, 843, 845, 846, 848, 858, 937, 957, 646, 647, 662, 987 Olog-hai see Trolls Olorin see Gandalf Ondoher 1038, 1039, 1049, 1050, 1086 One, the (= Eru, Ilivatar) 1037, 1063 One Ring see Ring, the Onodrim see Ents Orcrist 280 Orcs (gorgiin, yrch) 5, 54, 55, 57, 255-6, 298, 309, 310, 317; 327, 3425 344, 3955 396, 397, 413, 414, 415, 418-28 passim, 431-41 passim, 444-61 passim, 464, 466, 481, 489-90, 586, 646, 657, 729, 755» 7665 779s 924-6 955, 979, 1040, 1057, 1088, 1092; goblins 181, 337; 389, 444; of Cirith Ungol, Minas Morgul 735-6, 742, 897-905 passim, 9QIO-I6 passim, 1093; from Durthang 930-2, 1094; of Moria, Misty Mountains II, I3, 44, 52, 227, 296, 322, 324-5, 329, 330, 331; 334-7 passim, 345-6, 349, 383, 400, 415, 422, 446, 447, 449, 451, 452, 454, 677, 9555 1043, 1054, 1064, 1068-9, 1070, 1073-9 passim, 1085, 1087, I131; of Mordor (Sauron, Orcs of the Eye, Enemy) 222, 386-7, 390, 437, 446, 451-4 passim, 498, 604, 616, 619, 620, 621, 625, 628, 636, 637, 642, 651, 659, 665, 702, 713, 717; 7245 725, 742, 800, 820, 821, 822, 828-35 passim, 837, 839, 848, 883, 884, 885, 892, 921, 923, 924-6, 928-31 passim, 942, 949, 1054, 1131; Uruks of Mordor 324, 325, 738, 932, 1053, 1131; Orcs of Saruman 260, 261, 472-5 passim, 483, 486, 498, 521, 5275 529-47 passim, 551, 553, 560-74 passim, §88; Uruk-hai (Isengarders, with device of White Hand) 415-16, 422, 425, 437, 440, 445-57 passim, 539-40, 984, 1131; alphabets of 1118; half-orcs 566; languages of 445, II14, III7, II3I, 1134; made in mockery of Elves 486; poisoned blades of 336; and sunlight 329, 334, 4253 see also names of individual orcs, e.g. Grishnakh Ori 229, 241, 322, 1079 Orkish see Orcs: languages of Ornendil 1047, 1086 Orod-na-Th6n see Dorthonion Orodreth 1039 Orodruin see Mount Doom Orofarné 483, 484 Oromé (Araw, Béma) [a Vala] 838, 1039, 1065, 1116; wild kine of Araw 755, 1039 Orophin 343, 344, 346 Orthanc (Cunning Mind, Mount Fang) 127, 257, 258, 260, 261, 400, 435, 4375 4745 481, 555> 5565 5585 562, 566-80 passim, 582-7 passim, 594, 595, 598, 599, 644, 780, 822, 979, 980, 983, I090, IOQI, 10933 devilry of (blasting fire) 537, 538-9; Key(s) of 583, 586, 1054, 1067; Treegarth of 979 Orthanc-stone see Palantir Osgiliath (Citadel of the Stars) 244, 245, 390, 401, 417, 598, 641, 648, 666, 677, 697, 702, 707, 764, 765, 812, 814, 816, 817, 819, 823, 824, 846, 882, 884, 957; 963, 1037, 1044, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1053, 1084, 1086, 1087, IO9I, 1093, 1113; bridges of 367, 750; Dome of Stars 598; fords of 750; palantir of see Palantir; Tower of the Dome of Osgiliath 1046; East Osgiliath 817 Ossir, Seven Rivers of 469 Ossiriand 469 Ostoher 1038, 1085, I144 Otherworld 234 Outlands 770-1; Captains of 769 Outside, from whence the Dark Lord came 131 Outside (Outsiders), relative to Bree or the Shire 10, 150, 154, 992 Over-heaven 599 Overhill 44 Overlithe 1106, 1109 Palantir [far-seer, pl. palantiri] (Seeingstones, Seven Stones) 597—600, 693, 694, 748, 753, 757> 856, 878, 1037, 1084; Seven Stones 757; of Amon Sul 598, 1040, 1042; of Annuminas 598, 1042; of Arnor 1086; of Gondor 597; of Minas Ithil (of Isildur; Ithil-stone) 598, 854, 856, 1051, 1056, 1087, 1090; of Minas Tirith (of Anarion, Minas Anor; Anor-stone) 598, 853, 854, 856, 982, 1056; of the North 1040, 1042; of Orthanc (Orthanc-stone) 583-4, 585; 590-600 passim, 644, 747, 780, 815, 879, 982, 1067, 1090; of Osgiliath 598,

INDEX 1046, 1086; of the Tower Hills (Elendil’s Stone) 598, 1042; stones of Nutmenor 693, 694 Parth Galen 395, 405, 413, 416-19 passim, 658, 773, 955, 1092 Party Field 26, 31, 36, 1023, II12 Party Tree 26, 28-9, I0I7 Paths of the Dead 503, 775, 779; 7815 7835 796, 797, 800, 847, 867, 874-5, 877, 1068, 1093; see also Dead, the; Door of the Dead Pelargir 789, 873-7 passim, 881, 897, 971; 1044, 1047, 1048, 1055, 1084, 1086, 1093, III6, 1129 Pelendur 1039, 1049, 1052 Pelennor [fenced land] (Pelennor Fields, Fields of the Pelennor, Field of Gondor) 750, 763, 807, 808, 809, 816, 817, 821, 823, 836, 837, 839, 845, 847; 848, 878, 883, 919, 957, 965, 1062, 1093; wall of see Rammas Echor; see also Battle of the Pelennor Fields Pennies 25, 179 People of the Great Journey see Eldar People of the Star see Eldar Peredhil see Half-elven Peregrin, son of Paladin see Took, Peregrin Periain see Hobbits Phial of Galadriel (star-glass, Lady’s glass) 376, 426, 707, 708, 712, 720-2, 7255 7295 730s 731; 733s 897; 902, 912, 915, 916, 926, 938, 945, 952, 1030 Pickthorn, Tom 992 Pinnath Gelin [green ridges] 771, 790, 846, 849, 965 Pipe-weed (leaf) 8-9, 558, 10873 Nicotiana 8; (sweet) galenas 9, 869; westmansweed 869; see also varieties of pipe-weed, e.g. Longbottom Leaf Plague 5, 1041, 1048, 1064, 1086 Plough, the see Sickle, the Ponies see names of individual ponies, e.g. Bill Poros 1049, 1054, 1088; crossing of 1054 Postmaster, in Shire Io Prancing Pony, The (the Inn of Bree) 8, 148, I50—80 passim, 219, 327; 990, 991, 994, IOQI Precious see Ring, the Proudfoot family 28, 29, 30 Proudfoot, Bodo 1100 Proudfoot, Linda née Baggins 1100 Proudfoot, Odo 30, 39, I100 Proudfoot, Olo 1100 Proudfoot, Sancho 39, I100 1169 Puddifoot family 92 Pukel-men 794, 795, 831 Quendi (Elves) 1137 Quenya (High-elven, Ancient Speech, Ancient Tongue, noble tongue, etc.) 81, 85, 377, 863, 864, 1038, 1039, II07, IIIO—23 passim, 1126, 1127-8, 1131, 1137 Quest 61, 66, 269, 337, 356; 357, 3585 367, 378, 394, 407, 414, 426, 672, 677, 7325 735> 911, 940, 947, 949; of Bilbo and Thorin, i.e. of Erebor 11, 13, 10783 of Mount Doom 280 Quickbeam (Bregalad) 482-5 passim, 558, 564, 568, 979, 980 Radagast the Brown 256, 257, 258, 261, 274, I09I Radbug 905 Rammas Echor (Rammas) 748, 749, 750, 816-23 passim, 830, 834, 836, 837, 848, 849, 970, 972 Rangers see Dunedain Rath Celerdain see Lampwrights’ Street Rath Dinen (Silent Street) 752, 826, 827, 829, 851, 852, 855, 967, 9725 9755 1062, 1098 Rauros (Falls, cataracts of Rauros) 368, 3735 380, 389, 394, 397, 400, 402, 407, 415, 417, 418, 436, 658, 663, 664, 667, 677, 759s 8795 955) 971, 1127 Reckoning of Rivendell see Rivendell: calendar of Reckoning of Years 15 Red Arrow 798, 799, 817; 835 Red Book of the Periannath 14 Red Book of Westmarch (Bilbo Baggins’ book, diary) I, 2, 7, 13, 14—I5; 31; 325 40, 105, 231, 269, 270, 273, 277, 278, 458, 988, 1016, 1026—7, 1029, 1081, 1097, II05, 1107, I108, IIII, 1133, 1136, 1138 Red star in the South 274 Redhorn see Caradhras Redhorn Gate (Redhorn Pass) 274, 283, 285, 286, 287, 294, 295, 356, 985, 1043, 1073, 1085, 1087 Remmirath, the Netted Stars 81 Reunited (restored) Kingdom 14, 1112 Rhosgobel 256, 274 Rhovanion 1046—53 passim, 1065, 1086, 1090; kings of 1063 Rhudaur 201, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1086; Hillmen of 1040; men of 201 Rhian 248, 755; men of 949

1170 Rhtn, Sea of (Inland Sea) 248, 755, 765, 1039, 1045, 1046, IO7I Rhymes of Lore 597 Riddermark see Rohan Riddle-game 11-12, 54 Riders of Rohan see Rohirrim Rimmon see Min-Rimmon Ring, the (One Ring, the One, Great Ring, Ring of Power, Ruling Ring, Master-ring, Ring of the Enemy, etc.) 10-13, 31-6, 40, 46-65 passim, 75> 78, 104, 105, 132-3, I41, 157, 160-1, 170, 171, 177; 189, 195, 197, 199, 208, 219-24 passim, 228, 231-2, 241-54 passim, 256, 260, 264-70 passim, 275, 276, 277, 281, 295, 296, 297, 312, 318, 337s 364, 365, 366, 369, 397-406 passim, 414, 455, 471, 490, 495-8 passim, 500, 618, 624, 630—-I, 634, 638, 665, 671, 672, 6775 680-1, 685, 692-3, 703-7 passim, 712, 732-5 passim, 748, 813-14, 824, 876, 878, 879, 880, 898-901 passim, 904, 907, 9II, 912, 918, 919, 935-47 passim, 974, 987, 1024, 1027, 1037, 1062, 1063, 1080, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1087-90 passim, 1094, I106; Isildur’s Bane 243, 246, 247, 248, 658, 663, 669, 671, 7595 Ring of Isildur 52, 249, 252-3, 2763 called Precious by Gollum (and in referring to him by Frodo and Sam), Bilbo, and Isildur 11-12, 33, 34, 55, 56, 253, 613, 614, 616, 618, 624, 628, 630, 633-40 passim, 643, 686-90 passim, 7135 714, 724, 943, 944, 946; inscription (fire-writing) 50, 618, II2I—2, 1131-2; War of see War of the Ring Ring, Company (Companions) of the see Company of the Ring Ring of Barahir 1042, 1043, 1057, I090 Ring-verse v, 503 see also Ring, the: inscription Rings of Power (Great Rings, Elvenrings) 47, 48, 55, 56, 59, 242, 250, 254, 562, 1029, 1083; lesser rings 473 Three Rings (of Elves) 50, 51, 52, 595 242, 245, 250, 252, 253, 268-9, 365-6, 971, 985, 1033, 1062, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1096, see also Narya, Nenya, Vilya; Seven Rings (of Dwarves) 50, 51, 59, 241, 250, 252, 268, 366, 1073, 1076, 1088; Throér’s Ring 1073, 1076, 1077, 1079; Nine Rings (of Mortal Men) 50, 51, 59, 250, 252, 366; see also Elvensmiths: of Eregion THE LORD OF THE RINGS Ringlo 875, 1093 Ringlo Vale 770 Ringwraiths see Nazgil Rivendell (Imladris, house of Elrond, Last Homely House) 3, 14, 15, 66, 80, 83, 106, 166, 170, 172, 178, 179, 187, 188, 190, I9I, 194, 200, 202, 203, 209, 210, 211, 214, 219-39 passim, 244, 246, 260, 264, 266, 270-83 passim, 290; 295, 303; 310, 311, 339; 348, 349, 350, 358, 359, 366, 398, 403, 435, 441, 453> 458, 472 495, 496, 504, 562, 590, 598, 650, 652, 657, 658, 663, 664, 677, 7295 7325 781; 784, 872, 927, 950, 9725 974; 978, 984-7 passim, 1026, 1027, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1043, I05I, 1057, 1058, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1078, 1080, 1083, 1084, 1089-96 passim, 1134; calendar of (Reckoning of Rivendell) IIO7, I108, I112; name 1134; Hall of Fire 230, 277, 280, 729 River Running (Celduin) 1046, 1053, 1072 River-daughter see Goldberry River-woman II9 Road, as idea 35, 73-4, 285, 987 Roads see names of roads, e.g. East-West Road Rob 180 Rohan (Riddermark [Riddena-mearc, land of the knights], the Mark, etc.) 15, 246, 261, 262, 348, 374, 381, 400, 417, 421-4 passim, 427, 431-8 passim, 443, 453> 459. 474, 481, 488, 490, 497-500 passim, 504, 507, 508, 509, 513-18 passim, 521-6 passim, 529, 5335 5355 537> 539» 544, 564, 566, 569, 574, 5755 5795 589, 600, 609, 667, 673, 678, 7475 748, 749, 761, 765, 766, 767; 7745 7775 7785 7865 7925 795s 799s 800, 803, 804, 817, 821, 822, 829, 831, 833, 849, 851, 862, 867, 868, 872, 886, 955, 969, 9745 976, 977s 9785 984, 992, 1007, 1033, 1054, 1055, 1064-71, 1080, 1088-97 passim, II1O, II13, III5, 1117, 1127, II29, II31I, 1135; barrows, mounds of see Barrowfield; East-mark 436; East Wall of 423, 437; West Marches 513; emblem of (white horse, great horse running free usually upon green) 802, 838, 839, 847, 891, 953, 1071; horses of, characteristics 262, 439, 454; 4575 801, 881; horses of, theft or tribute 262, 431, 436, 1070; kings, lords of (Mark-wardens) 435, 803, 9775 1068-71, 1088; name III3, III5;

INDEX II7I names in I117; Riders, men of see Rohirrim; see also East Dales; Eastfold; Gap of Rohan; Helm’s Deep; Westfold; Wold of Rohan; etc. Roheryn 778, 782 Rohirrim (Riders, men of Rohan, Riders, host, knights of the Mark, Riders of Théoden, etc.) [Rider: in Rohan (ridda), a Knight of the king’s trained cavalry] 15, 262, 296, 381, 421, 422, 423, 426-7, 430, 431, 432, 435, 438, 441, 443, 452-9 passim, 472, 473, 4975 507, 508, 517; 518, 524, 527-37 passim, 540-6 passim, 549, 551; 555s 5765 5775 5795 580, 584, 588, 595, 609, 678, 679, 750, 7515 767s 773-84 passim, 791-4 passim, 798, 799, 802, 803, 804, 807, 815, 816, 818, 819, 821, 830, 833-9 passim, 843-7 passim, 861, 862, 868, 874, 881, 882, 883, 897, 948, 954, 955, 959, 965, 966, 969, 975, 976, 1039, 1053, 1054, 1055, I060, 1064-9 passim, 1087, 1092, 1093, I127, 1130, 11363 Eorlingas (Eorlings) 517, 518, 523, 525, 5275 540; 797, 803, 840, 1064, 1129; Forgoil, Strawheads 537, 1130; horseboys (horsebreeders) 448, 451, 4543 Horsemen (Horse-men, Horse-lords) 262, 287, 381, 400, 427, 488, 489, 497, 507, 566, 832, 834, 987; Middle Peoples, Men of the Twilight 678-9; Northmen 839; robbers of the North 537; Sons of Eorl 436, 437, 800, 836; Whiteskins (night-eyes) 449-54 passim; calendar of 1110; horns of 459, 526, 5395 540-1, 829, 838, 844, 847, 850, 976, 978, 1053, 1066-7, 1093; language of 15, 508, 555, 678, 945, 1129, 1130, 1133, 1136; name I113; writing I118 Romendacil I ‘East-victor’ (Tarostar) 1038, 1044, 1085 Romendacil II (Minalcar) 1038, 1045, 1046, 1047 Roper, Andwise ‘Andy’ 611, 1105 Roper, Anson I105 Rose, daughter of Holman ‘the greenhanded’ 1105 Ruffians (Chief’s Men, Sharkey’s Men) 1004-18 passim, 1020, 1022 Rules, the, ancient law 9 Rules, imposed by Lotho 1000, IoItI, 1012 Rumble, Widow 1024 Rumil 343, 344, 346, 347, 1117 Runes 25, 170, 187, 208, 234, 276, 316, 319, 320, 321, 334, 374 375» 415, 416, 512, 651, 978, 1073, III7—18; Cirth III7, III8, 1123-6; see also Angerthas Daeron; Angerthas Moria; Daeron’s Runes Running River see River Running Rushey 98 Rushlight, surname 155 Sackville-Baggins family (the S.-B.s) 21, 23, 28, 30, 31, 38, 66, 68, 72, 103, 104, 263, 273 Sackville-Baggins, Lobelia née Bracegirdle 28, 37-41 passim, 66, 68—9, 1013, II00, I102, 1021 Sackville-Baggins, Lotho (the Boss, the Chief, Pimple) 66, 68, 69, 575, 995; 998-1013 passim, IO16—2I passim, II00, I102 Sackville-Baggins, Otho 28, 38, 39, 41, 66, IIO0, I102 Sammath Naur (Chambers of Fire) 942, 945, 946, 947, 950, 1094; see also Crack(s) of Doom Sandheaver, surname 155 Sandyman the Miller 23, 24, 44, 1013 Sandyman, Ted 44-5, 63, 325, 362, 1012, 1013, 1017 Sangahyando 1048 Sarn Ford 172, 1000, 1009, IO09I, 1098 Sarn Gebir 368, 385, 386, 389, 390, 391, 498, 1092; portage-way 390-1 Saruman (Saruman the White, Saruman the Wise, etc.) 48, 58, 250, 251, 252, 256-62 passim, 265, 266, 267, 287, 296, 364, 416, 421, 428, 430, 435, 436, 437, 441-9 passim, 456, 472, 473. 474, 481, 486-500 passim, 509, 518, 520, 521, 526, 527, 529, 530, 536; 537s 544, 545, 546, 548, 551-8, 560, 562, 564, 566-88 passim, 592-99 passim, 644, 757, 780; 799, 815, 867, 869, 890, 979, 980, 983, 984, 996, 1005, 1018-20, 1054, 1055, I067—70 passim, 1078, 1085, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1093, 1095, 1096; Curunir 1085; Saruman of Many Colours 259; Saruman Ring-maker 259; Sharkey 1004, 1005, IOI2, 1013, IOI8, 1020, 1022; tree-killer 568; voice of (power of persuasion) 567, 577; 578-84, 980, 1019; host of see Orcs; Men, in service of Saruman 437; treason of Isengard 766; see also Isengard; Orthanc; White Hand

II72 THE LORD OF THE RINGS Sauron (Dark Lord, Enemy, Black One, Black Hand, Black Master, Base Master of Treachery, Dark Power, dark hands of the East, Nameless One, etc.) I5, 43, 47-52 passim, 58-62 passim, 83, 104, I3I, 141, 146, I70, 171, 172, 177; 190, I9I, 193, 203, 210, 220-3 passim, 226, 231, 241-5 passim, 248, 250, 252-7 passim, 259-62 passim, 265-9 passim, 274, 275, 2795 281, 288, 289, 295, 296, 298, 347, 348, 3525 356, 358, 362-9 passim, 378, 380, 381, 389, 398-402 passim, 427, 430, 433-6 passim, 476, 477, 485, 490, 495, 496-7, 499, 501, 513, 550, 564, 580, 583, 585, 592-5 passim, 598, 599, 604, 609, 616, 618, 625, 630-45 passim, 649, 651, 658, 659, 662-8 passim, 671, 675-80 passim, 692, 707, 710, 7125 713, 714; 716, 7235 724; 7323 734) 737> 740; 750, 755, 760, 765, 780, 782, 7845 799, 811-18 passim, 822, 823, 824, 829, 834, 839, 840, 851-7 passim, 861, 862, 876-90 passim, 900, 9OI, 919, 923, 927, 928, 930, 931, 935, 936, 938, 942, 945, 946, 948, 949, 952, 958, 963, 966, 971, 981, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1044, 1045, 1047, 1048, 1053-7 passim, 1060, 1061, 1062, 1070, 1071, 1072, 1076, 1077, 1078, 1080, 1083, 1084, 1087, 1088, 1089, IOQI, 1094, 1095, III2, II3I, 1132, 1134, 1137; Necromancer 250; servant of Morgoth 1082; name 1134; servants, hosts of 222, 241, 668, 789, 818-19, 821, see also Nazgil, Orcs; Lord of the Ring 226; shadow of 949; slaves of 938; throne of 935; see also Barad-dir; Eye, the; Shadow Sauron’s Road 941, 942 Scary 1021 Scatha the Worm 978, 1064, 1065; hoard of 1065 Sea, the 2, 4, 7, 8, 45, 79, 80, 108, 129, 131, I41, 185, 200, 202, 221, 222, 225, 234, 235, 242, 245, 251; 266, 296, 340, 341, 348, 349, 364, 365, 366, 371, 372; 3735 381, 388, 389, 400, 417, 418, 423, 424, 468, 473, 476, 485, 501, 503, 508, 5155 556; 597, 598, 632, 633, 650, 666, 678, 679, 702, 750, 763, 765, 7725 788, 808, 832, 838, 845, 847, 849, 860, 873, 875, 877, 9II, 920, 956, 965, 967, 971; 983, 986, 1014, 1023, 1030, 1034—7 passim, 1042-7 passim, 1055, 1056, 1060, 1062, 1063, 1065, 1080, 1082, 1085, 1087, 1089, 1096, 1097, 1098, I108, 1128, 1129; Great Sea 79, 80, 149, 3495 351, 388, 417, 556, 632, 967, 1034; Sundering Seas 193, 194, 372; 599; Western Seas 79, 316, 1028 Seat of Hearing see Amon Lhaw Seat of Seeing see Amon Hen Second Age I5, 242, 1033, 1036, 1037, 1082-4, II1I7—18 Secret Fire 330 Seeing-stones see Palantir Seen and the Unseen 223 Seven Rings see Rings of Power Seven Stars see Elendil: emblems of Seven Stones see Palantir Shadow, the, i.e. the recurring and growing power of evil, especially of Sauron 51, 59, 168, 241, 262, 275, 341, 348, 349, 396, 401, 495, 604, 605, 694, 765, 766, 791, 807, 814, 9II, 922, 936, 951, 961, 963, 965, 976, 1048, 1060, IO6I, 1062, 1063, IO7I, 1084, 1094; sometimes used as a synonym for Sauron or Mordor; see also Morgoth Shadow Host see Dead, the Shadowfax 262, 264, 435, 453, 504, 505, 506, 509, 513, 5225 $24, 525, 528, 529, 542, 543, 551, 570, 596, 600, 747, 7495 751, 752, 760, 761, 762, 768, 773, 793> 810, 820, 829, 850, 851, 864, 975, 991; 993, 996, 1030, 1065, IO9I, II17, 1136; name 1136 Shadowmere 235 Shadows 1034 Shadowy Mountains see Ephel Duath Shagrat (Captain of the Tower) 735-42, 898, 899, 902-8 passim, 917, 919, 924, 925, 1094 Sharkey see Saruman Sharkey’s End 1022 Sharkti 1018, 1132 Sharp-ears 144 Shathtr see Fanuidhol Shelob (She, her Ladyship, the Watcher) 633, 644, 692, 719-30 passim, 734-41 passim, 898, 900, 902, 905, 926, IO90, 1093, 1096; lair of (Torech Ungol) 643, 709, 710, 716-27 passim, 733, 7345 736, 897, 898, 910, 1093 Ship, as emblem see Dol Amroth Ship-kings 1038, 1044 Shire, the (country, land of the Halflings) 2-10 passim, 13, 14, 15, 2I-IIO passim, 132, 140, 147-58 passim, 165, 167, 169, IVI, 172, 177, 184, 188, 202, 211, 221, 223, 225; 228, 231, 232; 238, 249, 251, 254-62 passim, 265, 270, 276, 288,

INDEX 317, 321, 325, 336, 348, 351, 359, 360, 363, 388, 397, 403, 472, 556, 575, 586, 607, 611, 644, 647, 650, 657, 690, 721, 729 7325 748, 754, 756, 760, 763, 766, 769 773s 779 7925 807; 809, 811, 870, 883, 889, 908, 915, 941, 947, 954, 966, 974, 978, 982, 986-1031 passim, 1039-44 passim, 1077, 1078, 1087-91 passim, 1095-99 passim, 1107, 11343 calendar of see Shire Reckoning; clocks in 655; holidays in 10, 1025, II123 Marches of 9; Messenger Service 103 name 1134; ordering of 9-10; personal names in 1134—6; place-names in 1130, 1136, 1138; Postmaster 10; Quick Post Service 1002; records in 14-16, IIII}; settlement of 3, 4; Shire-fashion, advice 987; Shire-folk, Shire-hobbits 15, I50, I5I, 156, 172, 270, 360, 779, 792, 883, 1007, 1042, 1088, 1096, etc.; Shire-historians 1016; Shire-moot 9; Shire-muster 9; Watch 10; ‘sure as Shiretalk’ 647; see also Buckland; Bywater; Eastfarthing; Farthings; Green Hills; Hobbiton; Hobbits; North Moors; Northfarthing; Southfarthing; Three-Farthing Stone; Tookland; Westfarthing; Westmarch; etc. Shire Reckoning (Shire-reckoning) 4, 8, 563, 897, 952, 1033, 1097, 1099, II06—7, 1109-12 Shirriff-houses I00I, 1002, 1003, 1013, 1022 Shirriffs 10, 100I—4 passim, 1009, 1021; First Shirriff 10 Sickle, the (Plough, Great Bear) 174 Siege of Barad-dtr 1084 Silent Street see Rath Dinen Silent Watchers 642, 707, 738 Silmarién 1035, 1050 Silmaril(s) (Jewels, Great Jewel) 193, 1945 234, 236, 277, 712, 720, 950, 1033, 1034 Silmarillion, The 1034, 1132 Silvan Elves (Silvan folk, Wood-elves, East-elves) 58, 60, 283, 338-9, 432, 1082, 1087, 1094, 1127; language of 339, 3423 see also names of Silvan Elves, e.g. Haldir Silver Tree see Telperion; White Tree Silverlode see Celebrant Silvertine see Celebdil Simbelmyné (Evermind) 507, 787, 1067 Sindar see Eldar Sindarin (Grey-elven) 233, 283, 305-6, II73 307 339s 3425 555» 659, 1074, 1107, IIIO—I7 passim, 1120-3 passim, II126—31 passim Sirannon (Gate-stream) 300, 301; see also Stair Falls Siriondil 1038, 1050 Skinbark (Fladrif) 474-5, 483, III3 Slag-hills 887, 1094 Smallburrow, Robin 1001, 1002, 1003 Smaug the Golden (the Dragon) I1, 13, 229, 256, 987, 1072, 1073, 1077, 1078, 1088, 1089; firework 27-8 Sméagol see Gollum Smial(s) 6, 7, 1022, 1130, 11363 see also names of individual smials, e.g. Brandy Hall Smiths see Elven-smiths Snaga [slave] 451, 904-6, 908, 909-I0, 912, 914 Snowbourn 506, 507, 791; 793; 794, 797> 802, 803, 1136; name 1136 Snowmane 524, 539; 540, 540, 778, 802, 837, 838, 839, 840, 842, 845 Snowmane’s Howe 845 Snowmen of Forochel see Lossoth Sorcerer King of Angmar see Witch-king South, the, relative to inhabitants of the North 153, 155, 231, 256; strangers from, at Bree 153, 155, I61, 165, I795 1004, see also Southerner, squint-eyed; see also Belfalas; Dol Amroth; Gondor; Harad; etc. South Ithilien 750, 873, 1049, 1086 South Lane 1006 South Road 769 Southern Star 8 Southerner, squint-eyed 155, 160, 165, 174, 179-80, I81, 566, 1004 Southfarthing 8, 9, 38, 75, 381, 558, 984, 99I, 995, 1000, IOI2, 1023, 1087, 1089 Southfarthing leaf 575 Southlinch 991 Southrons see Haradrim Southward Road, in Ithilien 691, 701-2 Spear of Gil-galad see Aeglos Springle-ring 29 Staddle 149, 151, 155, 180, I8I, 992 Staffs, gift of Faramir 694, 726, 731 Stair, the, by Moria 301, 302, 303 Stair, the, by Rauros (North Stair) 389, 402 Stair Falls 301 Stairs, the, of Cirith Ungol see Straight Stair; Winding Stair Standing Silence 676, 955 Standing stones 137, 138

1174 Star of Elendil see Elendilmir Star of the Dunedain 778, 1055, 1097 Starkhorn 506, 791, 794 Stars, as emblems see Arnor; Durin; Elendil; Féanor Stewards of Gondor (Ruling Stewards, Rulers of the City, Lord of the City, of Gondor, etc.) [Steward of the High King (title of rulers of Gondor)] 252, 537» 670, 678, 757, 824, 826, 849, 856, 861, 881, 884, 885, 1039, 1052-73 see also names of individual Stewards, e.g. Denethor II; banner of 752, 965-6, 1053; see also House of the Stewards Stewards’ Reckoning 1108-9, IIII Sting (Elvish knife), sword I1, 13, 31, 277s 2785 2795 310; 323; 324, 325; 3375 345, 384, 395, 614, 657, 721, 722, 7255 728, 729, 731s 735s 736) 741, 742, 8975 902, 903, 904, 907; 909, 912, 926, 938, 9545 955, 986 Stock 71, 76, 88, 92, 97, 98 Stock-brook 89 Stock Road 1027 Stone of Erech (Black Stone) [a tryststone (symbol of Isildur’s overlordship)] 781, 782, 787-90 passim, 788, 874, 876; see also Erech Stone-trolls see Trolls Stonebows, Bridge of 4; see also Brandywine Bridge Stones of Seeing see Palantir Stonewain Valley 832, 833, 834, 897 Stoors 3, 6, 52, 1040-1, 1085, 1086, II30, 1135; language of 1130; names 1135 Straight Stair 643, 708, 709, 738, 739 Strider see Aragorn IT Strider, pony 1027 Stybba 778, 802, 803 Summerfilth 1109 Sun, called Yellow Face by Gollum 621, 641, 647, 651, 660, 687 Sundering Seas see Sea, the Sunlending see Anorien Sunless Year 79 Swan, as emblem see Dol Amroth Swan-ship 372, 373 Swanfleet river 984 Swans, black 381 Swertings (Swarthy Men) see Haradrim Swish-tail 144 Sword that was broken see Narsil Swords see names of individual swords, e.g. Sting; from barrow 145-6, 195, 197; 214, 277s 325» 415 454, 564, 719, 721; THE LORD OF THE RINGS 722, 726, 7295 731; 756, 777s 902, 8375 842, 844, 889, 892, 954, 955, 10945 melts 844 Talan see Flet Tale of Aragorn and Arwen, The 15, 1057-63 Tale of Years, The 15, 1082-98 Taniquetil (the Mountain) 235 Tar-Alcarin 1035 Tar-Aldarion 1035, 1036, 1050 Tar-Amandil 1035 Tar-Anarion 1035 Tar-Ancalimé 1035, 1036, 1050, 1083 Tar-Ancalimon 1035, 1083 Tar-Ardamin 1035 Tar-Atanamir 1035, 1036, 1083 Tar-Calmacil 1035 Tar-Ciryatam 1035 Tar-Elendil 1035, 1050 Tar-Meneldur 1035, 1050 Tar-Minastir 1035, 1036, 1083 Tar-Minyatur see Elros Tar-Minyatur Tar-Miriel 1035 Tar-Palantir “The Farsighted’ (ArInziladtin) 1035, 1036, 1084 Tar-Surion 1035 Tar-Telemmaité 1035 Tar-Telperién 1035 Tar-Vanimeldé 1035 Tarannon Falastur ‘Lord of the Coasts’ 1038, 1044 Tarcil 1038 Tarciryan 1038 Targon 762 Tark(s) 906, 1131 Tarlang’s Neck 790 Tarmenel 235 Tarondor 1038, 1048, 1086 Tarostar see Romendacil I Tasarinan (Nan-tasarion [Vale of Willows]) 469, 981 Taters (potatoes) 22, 24, 654, 655, IOI4 Taur-na-neldor see Neldoreth Taur-nu-Fuin 193 Tauremornalomé 469 Teeth of Mordor see Towers of the Teeth Telchar 511 Telcontar see Aragorn II Telemnar 1038, 1048, 1086 Telperion (Silver Tree, White Tree, Eldest of Trees) 598, 644, 971, 10333 one of the Two Trees of Valinor 1034 Telumehtar Umbardacil 1038, 1048, 1086

INDEX Tengwar 25, 50, III7—23 Thain [chieftain] 5, 9-10, 1087, 1042-3 Thain’s Book 14-15, I127 Thangorodrim 712, 1034, IO7I, 1072, 1082 Tharbad 3, 274, 374, 1039, 1089 Tharkdan see Gandalf Thengel 579, 977, 1055, 1069, 1099; see also Théoden, son of Thengel Théoden, son of Thengel (King, Lord of the Mark, Lord of Rohan, Lord of the Rohirrim, Horsemaster, Father of Horse-men, Théoden Ednew, etc.) 261, 262, 433-8 passim, 498, 500, 504, 505, 507-31 passim, 537-46 passim, 549-53 passim, 556-9 passim, 572-82 passim, 586, 588, 595, 600, 751, 7535 754s 757s 7615 773-9 passim, 782, 783; 7855 791-804 passim, 807, 817, 830-45 passim, 849, 858, 861, 862, 866-9 passim, 878, 919; 958, 959; 969, 974-9 passim, 1065, 1069, 1070, 1089, 1090-5 passim, 1137; household of (lords of the House of Eorl, of the Golden House) 528, 531, 540, 543, 544, 777, 802, 836, 843, 844 Théodred 513, 523, 527, 580, 1070, 1092 Théodwyn 1069, 1070 Thingol Grey-cloak 193, 194, 1034, 1059, 1082, 1118, 1128 Third Age I, 2, II, 14, 15, 249, 968, 971, 1029, 1033, IO5I, 1064, 1068, 1071, I082, 1084-96, IIIO; beginning of I108 Thistlewool, surname 155 Thorin I 1072, 1079, 1087 Thorin II ‘Oakenshield’ 11, 228, 268, 277, 280, 317, 1072-80 passim, 1088, 1089 Thorin III ‘Stonehelm’ 1079, 1095 Thorondir 1039 Thorondor 948 Thorongil see Aragorn II Thrain I 1072, 1079, 1087 Thrain II, son of Thror (Durin’s Heir) 268, 297, 1072-80 passim, 1088 Thranduil 240, 255, 272, 355, 956, 1080, 1082, 1090, IO9I, 1094, 1095 Three-Farthing Stone 1003, 1023 Three Houses of Men (the Elf-friends) see Edain Three Hunters (Aragorn, Gimli, Legolas) 420, 491 Three Kindreds 420, 1137 Three Rings see Rings of Power 1175 Thrihyrne 527, 528, 597 Throne, of Gondor (throne of gold) 423, 7545 968 Throér 240, 268, 297, 1072, 1073, 1076, 1076, 1079, 1087, 1088; ring of 268 Tighfield 611, I105 Tim, in troll song 206-7 Tindrock see Tol Brandir Tinuviel see Luthien Tirion 235, 372, 598 Tobacco see Pipe-weed Tol Brandir (Tindrock) 373, 380, 389, 390, 393-7 passim, 401, 407, 417, 426, 436, 440, 630, 667 Tom, in troll song 206-8 Tom Bombadil see Bombadil, Tom Tombs see Barrows; Hallows; House of the Kings; House of the Stewards Tongue see Naith of Lorien Took, The 10 Took family 4, 7, 9-10, 28, 29, 30, 31; 37> 150, 461, 591, 870, 1009, 1014, IOI5, 1103, IIII, 1135; names 11353 see also Great Smials; Tookland Took, Adalgrim 1103 Took, Adamanta née Chubb 1103 Took, Adelard 37, 1103 Took, Bandobras ‘Bullroarer’ 2, 5, 298, 987, I103, 1043, 1088 Took, Diamond, of Long Cleeve 1097, 1103 Took, Eglantine née Banks 1103 Took, Everard 29, I103 Took, Faramir 1097, I103, II05 Took, Ferdibrand 1103 Took, Ferdinand 1103 Took, Ferumbras (II) 1103 Took, Ferumbras (III) 1103 Took, Flambard 1103 Took, Fortinbras (I) 1103 Took, Fortinbras (II) 1103 Took, Gerontius ‘the Old Took’ 22, 23, 24, 42, 461, 987, 1026, 1028, 1088, 1089, II03 Took, Goldilocks née Gamgee 1029, 1097, I103, I105 Took, Hildibrand 1103 Took, Hildifons 1103 Took, Hildigard Took, Hildigrim 1100, 1103 Took, Isembard 1103 Took, Isembold 1103 Took, Isengar 1103 Took, Isengrim (II) 8, 10, 1103 Took, Isengrim (III) 2, 1103 Took, Isumbras (I) 1087

1176 Took, Isumbras (III) 2, 1103 Took, Isumbras (IV) 1103 Took, Paladin 756, 758, 760, 1009, II03; see also Took, Peregrin, son of Paladin Took, Pearl 1103 Took, Peregrin (D ‘Pippin’, son of Paladin 2, 14, 15, 42, 43, 67-214 passim, 219, 223, 224, 226, 227, 239, 2725 274, 276, 277, 279-405 passim, 414; 415, 424, 433, 434, 437, 438, 440, 441, 444-87 passim, 488, 490, 491-2, 494-5, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 521, 556-755 5775 583, 584, 5855 586, 588-600, 658, 747-72 passim, 776, 777s 779s 791s 7925 796; 806-15, 817-19, 821, 823, 825-7, 830, 833, 850-7, 858-9, 862-3, 866, 868-70, 872, 873, 874, 883, 888, 889, 892-3, 897, 9545 955s 956, 966, 970; 975, 981, 982, 984, 985—-IOIO, 1014-16, 1021, 1022, 1024, 1025, 1027, 1030, 1031, 1033, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1096, 1097, 1098, II00, I103, II05, III5, 11333 Prince of the Halflings 807; Thain 1098 Took, Pervinca 1103 Took, Pimpernel 1103 Took, Reginard 1103 Took, Rosa née Baggins 1100, II103 Took, Sigismond 1103 Tookland 9, 71, 1010, IoI4 Torech Ungol see Shelob: lair of Tower Hall see Citadel of Gondor Tower Hills (Emyn Beraid) 7, 79, 598, 1042, 1097, 1105; palantir of 598, 1042; see also White Towers Tower of Ecthelion see White Tower, of Minas Tirith Tower of Sorcery see Minas Morgul Tower of the (Rising) Moon see Minas Ithil Tower of the (Setting) Sun see Minas Anor Towers of the Teeth (Carchost and Narchost, Teeth of Mordor) 636, 648, 887, 891, 900, 949 Town Hole 156 Translations from the Elvish 15, 987 Tree, the see White Tree Tree-men 44-5 Tree of the High Elves 304, 305 Tree-people see Elves of Lothlérien (Galadhrim) Treebeard 462-82 passim, 485-7, 494, 498, 499, 500, 557, 558, 560, 561, 564, 565, 566, 569, 570, 571; 573, 5745 5765 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 757, 979, 980; THE LORD OF THE RINGS 981, 982, 984, 1092, 1095, 1131; Fangorn 464, 474, 558, 499, 979, 981; name 465; Eldest 981; oldest living thing 499, 558 Treebeard’s Hill 462-3, 465-6, 491-3 Trees, Two see Laurelin; Telperion Trolls (Stone-trolls) 9, 44, 190, 201, 204-8 passim, 222, 225, 329, 486, 949, 1132; cave-troll 324; Hill-trolls 892, 1057; Olog-hai 1132; language of 1134; Sam’s song of the troll 206-8 Trolls’ wood (Trollshaws) 200-4 passim Tuckborough 6, 15, 461, 769, IOIO, IOS, IIII Tumladen 764 Tunnelly, surname 155 Tuor 1034 Turambar 1038, 1044 Turgon, king of Gondolin 1034 Turgon, steward 1039, 1054, 1055, 1069 Turin, of the First Age 271, 728 Turin I, steward 1039 Turin II, steward 1039, 1054, 1069 Twilight, of the West 1060, 1061, 1062 Two Trees of Valinor see Laurelin; Telperion Two Watchers see Watchers Twofoot, Daddy 22 Tyrn Gorthad see Barrow-downs Udtn, flame of [hell], i.e. dwelling of Morgoth beneath Thangorodrim 330; [a region of Mordor] 928, 930, 931, 950; 1094 Ufthak 740 Ugluk 445-59 passim, 472, 474, 564 Umbar 659, 765, 875, 1036, 1044, 1045, 1047, 1048, 1052, 1054, 1055, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1127, 1129; fleet of 875, 876; name 1129; see also Corsairs of Umbar ndergate (under-gate, Under-way) 736, 737s 740s 897, 903 nderharrow 803 nderhill, surname 155; see also Baggins, Frodo nderhill, from Staddle 992 ndertowers 14, 1097 ndomiel see Arwen ndying Lands (Realm) see Aman ngoliant 723 pbourn 803 ruk-hai see Orcs ruks see Orcs ttermost West see Aman Geeaeaa eae Ge -E

INDEX Valacar 1038, 1045, 1046, 1086 Valandil 244, 248, 393, 967, 1035, 1037, 1038, 1085 Valandur 1038 Valar, the (Authorities, Guardians of the World, Lords of the West, those who dwell beyond the Sea) 12, 266, 661, 838, 963, 1033, 1034, 1036, 1037, 1039, I081, 1110; Ban of 1035, 1036, 10373 thrones of 968 Valimar 377, 378 Valinor 235, 974, 1033, 1082, 1084 Valinorean, language 864 Varda see Elbereth Vardamir 1035 Variags of Khand 846, 848 Vidugavia 1046 Vidumavi 1046 Vilya 1028, 1085 Vinitharya see Eldacar Vorondil ‘the Hunter’ 755, 1039 Wainriders 1048, 1049, 1064, 1086 Walda 977, 1069, 1088 Wandering Companies 84-5 Wandering Days 3 Wandlimb see Fimbrethil War of the Dwarves and Orcs 1054, 1074-5, 1079, 1088 War of the Elves and Sauron 1083 War of the Great Jewels 1128 War of the Ring 15, 221, 446, 452, 1027, 1033, 1035, 1056, 1057, 1061, 1070, 1075, 1080, 1082, 1096, etc. Warden of the Houses of Healing see Houses of Healing Wardens of the Westmarch 14, 1097, 1105 Wargs see Wolves Watcher in the Water 302, 308-9, 322 Watchers, of Cirith Ungol (Two Watchers) 902, 906, 915 Watchful Peace 1043, 1053, 1087 Watchwood 587 Water, the 27, 71, 83, 918, 1013, 1016 Water-valley 71, 77 Waybread see Lembas Waymeet I009, IOIO, IOI4 Weather Hills 183, 184, 185, 189, 190, 1040 Weathertop 3, 172, 181-8 passim, 194, 199, 200, 202, 206, 210, 219, 264, 336, 989, 1025, 1040, I09I, 1092; Amon Sal 185, 264, 598, 1040, 1042, 1086; palantir of Amon Sil see II77 Palantir; Tower of Amon Sal 185, 1040, 1086 Wellinghall 470, 564 Werewolves 222 West-elves see Eldar West-gate, of Moria see Moria West March, of Shire 9 West Road (North-way), from Minas Tirith to Rohan 882, 969, 972 Westemnet 437 Westernesse see Numenor Westfarthing 7, 9, 23, 156, III2, II22, 1133 Westfold 527, 531, 538, 580, 778, 886; Dales of 600; men of (Helmingas, Westfolders, etc.) 531, 532, 535, 536, 538, 543, 546, see also Erkenbrand, lord of Westfold, Grimbold; Vale of 528, 529, 530 Westlands (West of the World, West), i.e. the West of Middle-earth 150, 243, 254, 357, 1082, 1083, II18, 1123, 1127, II29, 1132; West, the (free folk of, men of, children of, army of, etc.), i.e. those free of, and opposing Sauron 59, 245, 782, 856, 883, 891, 954, 963 Westmansweed see Pipe-weed Westmarch 9, 1097, 11053 see also Red Book of Westmarch Wetwang see Nindalf White Company 969 White Council (Council of the Wise) 44, 47> 48, 52, 250, 251, 258, 260, 266, 357s 590, 5975 987, 1053, 1067, 1078, 1087-90 passim White Downs 6, 10, 1004, 1029 White Hand, pillar of 554, 555, 5885 as emblem see Isengard White horse, emblem of Rohan see Rohan White Mountains (Ered Nimrais, Mountains of Gondor, etc.) 244, 258, 262, 287, 341, 374, 381, 422, 423, 427, 505, 506, 526, 527, 596, 678, 684, 694, 747» 7485 750, 751, 7895 791; 793> 1054, 1064, 1065, 1068, I129 White Rider see Gandalf White ship 1030 White Tower, of Minas Tirith (Tower of Ecthelion) 417, 657, 751, 752, 765; 800, 810, 811, 818, 821, 823, 825, 853, 856, 871, 955, 965, 1056, 1057, 1086, 1088 White Towers (Elf-towers) 7, 45, 266, 1030; see also Tower Hills White Tree, of Gondor (Silver Tree, the

1178 Tree) 244, 252, 423, 597, 641, 671, 753, 807, 847, 963, 971; 9725 9745 1048, 1054, 1057, I07I, 1084-8 passim, 1095, 1110; Nimloth [white flower] 971-2, 1037, I110; see also Withered Tree White Tree, of Valinor see Telperion White-socks 144 Whitfoot, Will (Mayor of Michel Delving, Flourdumpling) 156, 157, 1002, IOI2, 1021, 1025, 1096, 1097 Whitfurrows 1002 Whitwell 769 Widfara 836 Wights see Barrow-wights Wild, the 63, 165, 171, 198, 231, 233, 273, 1089; Wilderness 210 Wild Men, of Dunland see Dunlendings Wild Men (Woses) 831, 832, 833, 835, 976, 1093, I127, 1129; see also Ghanburi-Ghan Wilderland 3, 11, 52, 57, 58, 228, 251, 274, 281, 359, 385, 388, 390, 394, 4725 499, I041, 1086, 1130 Willow, Old Man (Willow-man, Great Willow) 116-20, 126, 130 Windfola 804, 840 Winding Stair 643, 709, 738, 739 Window of the Eye 942 Winged Shadow(s), Terror see Nazgtl Winterfilth 1106, 1109, IIIO Wise, the [the Wizards and the Rulers of the Elves] 2, 47, 48, 49, 525 55, 565 249, 250, 2575 259, 267, 268, 270, 615, 819, 1027, 1085, 1087; see also White Council Wise-nose 144 Witch-king (sorcerer king of Angmar, Wraith-king, chief of the Ringwraiths, Lord of the Nazgal, Morgul-lord, Black Captain, Captain of Despair, etc.) 5, 195, 197, 198, 214, 220, 257, 264, 706, 707, 738, 817, 818, 819, 820, 822, 824, 828-9, 837, 839, 840-2, 844, 846, 850, 856, 859, 866, 867, 880, 900, 919, 926, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1050-3 passim, 1064, 1070, I080, 1086, 1087, 10933 cry of 842, 855-63 Dwimmerlaik 841; winged beast of 840, 841-2, 843, 845 Withered Tree (Dead Tree) [dead relic of the Tree of Gondor] 753, 826, 963, 971, 972, 979, 1088; see also White Tree, of Gondor THE LORD OF THE RINGS Withywindle 99, 113, I15, 116-18, 121, 126, 128, 1353 valley of 113, 114, 128 Wizard(s) [one of the Order of Istari] 8, 9, 84, 398, 472, 473, 486, SII, 5545 5835 588, 590—-I, 5945 682, 7575 813, 1084; Order 48, 252, 256, 257, 581, 583, 1084-5; Istari 1084, 1085; Five Wizards 583, 1084; see also names of individual Wizards, e.g. Gandalf; the word ‘wizard’ often refers specifically to Gandalf, and is also used casually to refer to [a magician; anyone credited with strange powers; contemptuously; ‘wizardry’: magic of kind popularly ascribed to the Wizards] Wizard’s Vale see Nan Curunir Wold of Rohan 429, 440, 804, 836, 979, 1064, 1068, 1087 Wolf, Farmer Maggot’s dog 92, 93 Wolf of Angband 193 Wolf-riders 437, 529, 551 Wolves 5, 92, 260, 261, 274, 297-9, 307; 308, 309, 344, 349, 400, 527; 550, 551, 5545 566, 572, 573, 677, 993, 1043, 1077, 1092; wargs 222, 297-9; white wolves 177, 288, 1089; Hound of Sauron 298; see also Wolf of Angband Wood-elves see Elves Woodhall 71, 76, 81, 88, 91, 93 Woodmen, of Mirkwood 58; language of 1129 Woody End 71, 73, 74, 79, 88-91, 918, 1000, 1009, I0I5, 1027, 1096 World’s End 236 Wormtongue (Grima, son of Galmod) 436, 437, 509, 512-21 passim, 528, 5295 544; 555, 556, 572-5 passim, 578, 584, 585, 599, 780, 792, 866, 867, 980, 983, 984, IOI9, 1020, III7, 1136; name 1136 Woses see Wild Men Wraiths see Nazgul Writing and spelling, in Middle-earth 4, II1I3—26; see also Elvish writing; Runes; Tengwar; writing under names of peoples, e.g. Dwarves Wulf 1065, 1066, 1067, 1088 Yale, the 76, IIOI, 1102 Yellowskin (Yearbook of Tuckborough) IIII Younger Days 259 Yule 1022, I106, 1109 Zirakzigil (Zirak) see Celebdil

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ARCATRASAMIXC PENYGDERPA BAM NERF Works by 7.R.R. Tolkien THE HOBBIT LEAF BY NIGGLE ON FArIRY-STORIES FARMER GILES OF HAM THE HOMECOMING OF BEORHTNOTH THE LORD OF THE RINGS THE ADVENTURES OF TOM BOMBADIL THE ROAD GOES EVER ON (WITH DONALD SWANN) SMITH OF WOOTTON Major Works published posthumously SIR GAWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT, PEARL AND SIR ORFEO THE FATHER CHRISTMAS LETTERS THE SILMARILLION PICTURES BY J.R.R. TOLKIEN UNFINISHED TALES THE LETTERS OF J.R.R. TOLKIEN FINN AND HENGEST Mr BLISS THE MONSTERS AND THE CRITICS & OTHER ESSAYS ROVERANDOM The History of Middle-earth — by Christopher Tolkien I THE Book oF Lost TALES, PART ONE II THE Book oF Lost TALeEs, PART Two III THE Lays OF BELERIAND IV THE SHAPING OF MIDDLE-EARTH V THE Lost ROAD AND OTHER WRITINGS VI THE RETURN OF THE SHADOW VII THE TREASON OF ISENGARD VIII THE War OF THE RING IX SAURON DEFEATED X MORGOTH’S RING XI THE WAR OF THE JEWELS XII THE PEOPLES OF MIDDLE-EARTH

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